Two-dimensional scalable versatile storage format for data storage devices
The present disclosure, in various aspects, describes technologies and techniques for use by a data storage device that includes a controller of a non-volatile memory (NVM). In one example, the controller applies a default storage format to a storage region of the NVM, the default storage format configuring the storage region as a number of distinct storage regions logically arranged along a horizontal dimension and a vertical dimension. The controller modifies the default storage format using a combination of horizontal dimension scaling and vertical dimension scaling based on a performance capability of the storage region to obtain a modified storage format. The controller applies the modified storage format to the storage region.
1. A data storage apparatus, comprising:
a non-volatile memory (NVM);
a processor coupled to the NVM and configured to:
apply a default storage format to a storage region of the NVM, the default storage format configuring the storage region as a number of distinct storage regions logically arranged along a horizontal dimension and a vertical dimension;
measure a performance metric for the storage region that is representative of a duration of a storage operation applied to the storage region;
determine, based on the performance metric, whether the storage region performs below a threshold performance level;
modify the default storage format, in response to a determination that the storage region performs below the threshold performance level, to obtain a modified storage format using a combination of horizontal dimension scaling and vertical dimension scaling;
apply the modified storage format to the storage region, to thereby reconfigure the storage region; and
store data in the storage region in accordance with the modified storage format.
2. The data storage apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the storage operation comprises at least one of a read operation, a program operation, an error correction operation, or an erase operation.
3. The data storage apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the performance metric comprises at least one of an error correction code (ECC) decoding duration, a programming duration, an erase cycle duration, or a read sense duration.
4. The data storage apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to apply the horizontal dimension scaling by controlling a number of parity bits available for each of the distinct storage regions, and is further configured to apply the vertical dimension scaling by controlling a number of bits that may be stored by each memory cell of the storage region.
5. The data storage apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the NVM comprises a NAND device and the storage region is a page or a block in the NAND device.
6. The data storage apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the NVM comprises a magnetic storage medium and the storage region includes at least one portion of the magnetic storage medium.
7. The data storage apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the processor is further configured to apply the horizontal dimension scaling by controlling a number of bits per inch (BPI) stored in one or more tracks of the at least one portion of the magnetic storage medium, and wherein the processor is further configured to apply the vertical dimension scaling by controlling a number of tracks per inch (TPI) used for the at least one portion of the magnetic storage medium.
8. The data storage apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the processor is further configured to store information on the magnetic storage medium using shingled magnetic recording.
9. A method of operating a data storage apparatus, comprising:
applying a first storage format to a page of a block in a non-volatile memory (NVM), wherein the first storage format configures the page into a first number of logical pages having a first number of parity bits;
measuring a performance metric for the page that is representative of a duration of a storage operation applied to the page;
determining, based on the performance metric, whether the page meets a condition indicative of an unusable storage region;
determining, in response to a determination that the page meets the condition indicative of an unusable storage region, a second storage format for the page, wherein the second storage format configures the page into a second number of logical pages having a second number of parity bits;
applying the second storage format to the page, to thereby reconfigure the page; and
storing data in the page in accordance with the second storage format.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the storage operation comprises at least one of a read operation, a program operation, an error correction operation, or an erase operation.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the performance metric comprises at least one of an error correction code (ECC) decoding duration, a programming duration, an erase cycle duration, or a read sense duration.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein each of the second number of logical pages are allocated more error correction code (ECC) bits relative to each of the first number of logical pages.
13. A data storage apparatus, comprising:
a non-volatile memory (NVM) comprising a plurality of storage regions;
means for monitoring a performance metric that is representative of a duration of a storage operation applied within the plurality of storage regions of the NVM, each of the plurality of storage regions having a storage format comprising a media format and an error correction code (ECC) format;
means for identifying one or more of the plurality of storage regions wherein the performance metric is below a threshold performance level; and
means for dynamically scaling the storage format of the one or more of the plurality of storage regions by modifying a combination of the media format and the ECC format so the performance metric is no longer below the threshold performance level.
14. The data storage apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to select the combination of horizontal dimension scaling and vertical dimension scaling to reconfigure the storage region so the storage region no longer performs below the performance level.
15. The data storage apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to modify the default storage format to comprise a fractional level cell media format.
16. The data storage apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to modify the default storage format using the combination of vertical and horizontal scaling set to increase a total data storage over a lifetime of the storage region.
17. The method of claim 9 , wherein the determining the second storage format comprises selecting the second number of logical pages and the second number of parity bits so that the page no longer meets the condition indicative of an unusable storage region.
18. The method of claim 9 , wherein the determining the second storage format further comprises configuring the page to employ a fractional level cell media format.
19. The method of claim 9 , wherein the determining the second storage format further comprises selecting the second number of logical pages and the second number of parity bits to increase a total data storage over a lifetime of the page.
20. The data storage apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the means for dynamically scaling includes means for selecting the combination of the media format and the ECC format so that each of the plurality of storage regions is no longer below the threshold performance level.
21. The data storage apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the means for dynamically scaling the storage format comprises means for configuring the storage format to comprise a fractional level cell media format.
22. The data storage apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the means for dynamically scaling the storage format comprises means for selecting the combination of the media format and the ECC format to increase a total data storage over a lifetime of the one or more of the plurality of storage regions.