Droplet delivery device for delivery of fluids to the pulmonary system and methods of use
A droplet delivery device and related methods for delivering precise and repeatable dosages to a subject for pulmonary use is disclosed. The droplet delivery device includes a housing, a reservoir, and ejector mechanism, and at least one differential pressure sensor. The droplet delivery device is automatically breath actuated by the user when the differential pressure sensor senses a predetermined pressure change within housing. The droplet delivery device is then actuated to generate a stream of droplets having an average ejected droplet diameter within the respirable size range, e.g, less than about 5 μm, so as to target the pulmonary system of the user.
1. A breath actuated droplet delivery device for delivering more than one agents to the pulmonary system of a subject, the more than one agents delivered as one or more ejected stream of droplets, the droplet delivery device comprising:
a housing comprising a mouthpiece located at an airflow exit of the housing, and an airflow inlet flow element positioned at an airflow entrance of the housing;
a multiple fluid ampoule disposed within or in fluid communication with the housing comprising a first fluid reservoir and at least a second fluid reservoir, the first fluid reservoir for receiving a first volume of fluid comprising the first agent, and the second fluid reservoir for receiving a second volume of fluid comprising the second agent;
at least one electronically actuated ejector mechanism in fluid communication with the multiple fluid ampoule and configured to generate the one or more ejected stream of droplets;
at least one differential pressure sensor positioned within the housing, the at least one differential pressure sensor configured to activate the at least one ejector mechanism upon sensing a pre-determined pressure change within the housing to thereby generate the one or more ejected stream of droplets;
the at least one ejector mechanism comprising a piezoelectric actuator and an aperture plate, the aperture plate having a plurality of openings formed through its thickness and the piezoelectric actuator operable to oscillate the aperture plate at a frequency to thereby generate the one or more ejected stream of droplets; and
wherein the housing, airflow inlet flow element, and mouthpiece are configured to facilitate non-turbulent airflow across an exit side of the aperture plate and to provide sufficient non-turbulent airflow through the housing during use.
2. The droplet delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the device comprises at least two ejector mechanisms, wherein each fluid reservoir is in fluid communication with a respective ejector mechanism.
3. The droplet deliver device of claim 2 , wherein each ejector mechanism comprises an aperture plate having openings of different cross-sectional shapes or diameters relative to other ejector mechanisms, to thereby provide ejected droplets having different average ejected droplet diameters, respectively.
4. The droplet delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the droplet delivery device further comprises a surface tension plate between the aperture plate and the multiple fluid ampoule, wherein the surface tension plate is configured to increase contact between fluid to be ejected and the aperture plate.
5. The droplet delivery device of claim 4 , wherein the at least one ejector mechanism and the surface tension plate are configured in parallel orientation therebetween.
6. The droplet delivery device of claim 4 , wherein the surface tension plate is located within 2 mm of the aperture plate so as to create sufficient hydrostatic force to provide capillary flow between the surface tension plate and the aperture plate.
7. The droplet delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the aperture plate of the one or more ejector mechanism comprises a domed shape.
8. The droplet delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the aperture plate of the one or more ejector mechanism is composed of a material selected from the group consisting of poly ether ether ketone (PEEK), polyimide, polyetherimide, polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), Ni, NiCo, Pd, Pt, NiPd, metal alloys, and combinations thereof.
9. The droplet delivery device of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the plurality of openings of the aperture plate of the one or more ejector mechanism have different cross-sectional shapes or diameters to thereby provide ejected droplets having different average ejected droplet diameters.
10. The droplet delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the airflow inlet flow element is located opposite the mouthpiece located at the airflow exit of the housing.
11. The droplet delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the airflow inlet flow element comprises an array of openings formed there through and configured to increase or decrease internal pressure resistance within the droplet delivery device during use.
12. The droplet delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the mouthpiece is removeably coupled with the housing.
13. The droplet delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the multiple fluid ampoule is removably coupled with the housing.
14. The droplet delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the multiple fluid ampoule is coupled to the at least one ejector mechanism to form a combination reservoir/ejector mechanism, and the combination reservoir/ejector mechanism is removably coupled with the housing.
15. The droplet delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the droplet delivery device further comprises one or more sensors selected from an infra-red transmitter, a photodetector, an additional pressure sensor, and combinations thereof.