Electrolyte for a solid-state battery
Electrolyte for a solid-state battery includes a body having grains of inorganic material sintered to one another, where the grains include lithium. The body is thin, has little porosity by volume, and has high ionic conductivity.
1. A sheet of material configured for a solid-state battery, comprising:
a body comprising ceramic grains sintered to one another,
wherein the grains comprise lithium,
wherein thickness of the body, between first and second major surfaces thereof, is in a range from 3 μm to 1 mm;
wherein the first and second major surfaces of the body have an unpolished granular profile such that the profile includes grains protruding outward from the respective major surface with a height of at least 25 nm and no more than 150 μm relative to recessed portions of the respective major surface at boundaries between the respective grains; and
wherein the grains sintered to one another have an average grain size of 5 μm or less.
2. The sheet of claim 1 , wherein fewer than 10 pin holes of a cross-sectional area of at least a square micrometer pass through the body, per square millimeter of surface on average.
3. The sheet of claim 1 , wherein the granular profile includes grains with a height of at least 150 nanometers relative to recessed portions of the respective major surface at boundaries between the respective grains.
4. The sheet of claim 3 , wherein the height of the grains is no more than 80 micrometers relative to recessed portions of the respective major surface at boundaries between the respective grains.
5. The sheet of claim 1 , wherein the body has a length of 5 m or greater.
6. The sheet of claim 1 , wherein the body is flattenable without fracturing as determined by pressing the body between rigid parallel surfaces at 23° C. such that the body overlays or is within a distance of 0.05 mm of a flat plane.
7. A sheet of material configured for a solid-state battery, comprising:
a body comprising ceramic grains sintered to one another,
wherein the grains comprise lithium,
wherein thickness of the body, between first and second major surfaces thereof, is in a range from 3 μm to 1 mm;
wherein the first and second major surfaces of the body have an unpolished granular profile such that the profile includes grains protruding outward from the respective major surface with a height of at least 25 nm and no more than 150 μm relative to recessed portions of the respective major surface at boundaries between the respective grains; and
wherein the body comprises closed porosity and the porosity is less than 15% by volume.
8. The sheet of claim 7 , wherein fewer than 10 pin holes of a cross-sectional area of at least a square micrometer pass through the body, per square millimeter of surface on average.
9. The sheet of claim 7 , wherein the granular profile includes grains with a height of at least 150 nanometers relative to recessed portions of the respective major surface at boundaries between the respective grains.
10. The sheet of claim 9 , wherein the height of the grains is no more than 80 micrometers relative to recessed portions of the respective major surface at boundaries between the respective grains.
11. The sheet of claim 7 , wherein the body has a length of 5 m or greater.
12. The sheet of claim 7 , wherein the body is flattenable without fracturing as determined by pressing the body between rigid parallel surfaces at 23° C. such that the body overlays or is within a distance of 0.05 mm of a flat plane.
13. A sheet of material configured for a solid-state battery, comprising:
a body comprising ceramic grains sintered to one another, wherein the grains comprise lithium, lanthanum, zirconium, and oxygen, and wherein greater than 95% of the body by weight consists of cubic lithium garnet crystals;
wherein thickness of the body, between first and second major surfaces thereof, is in a range from 3 μm to 50 μm, and wherein the body has a width of 5 mm or greater;
wherein the first and second major surfaces of the body have an unpolished granular profile such that the profile includes grains protruding outward from the respective major surface with a height of at least 25 nm and no more than 150 μm relative to recessed portions of the respective major surface at boundaries between the respective grains; and
wherein the grains sintered to one another have an average grain size of 3 μm or less, and wherein the body has ionic conductivity greater than 1×10 −4 S/cm.
14. The sheet of claim 13 , wherein the body has closed porosity.
15. The sheet of claim 13 , wherein the body has less than 10% porosity by volume.
16. The sheet of claim 13 , wherein the body is flattenable without fracturing as determined by pressing the body between rigid parallel surfaces at 23° C. such that the body overlays or is within a distance of 0.05 mm of a flat plane.
17. The sheet of claim 13 , wherein the grains further comprise tantalum, and wherein the body has ionic conductivity greater than 2×10 −4 S/cm.
18. The sheet of claim 13 , wherein the grains further comprise aluminum.
19. The sheet of claim 13 , wherein the body has a length of at least 10 m.
20. A roll of the sheet of claim 19 wound on a spool.