Transistors with high concentration of germanium
Techniques are disclosed for forming transistor devices having source and drain regions with high concentrations of boron doped germanium. In some embodiments, an in situ boron doped germanium, or alternatively, boron doped silicon germanium capped with a heavily boron doped germanium layer, are provided using selective epitaxial deposition in the source and drain regions and their corresponding tip regions. In some such cases, germanium concentration can be, for example, in excess of 50 atomic % and up to 100 atomic %, and the boron concentration can be, for instance, in excess of 1E20 cm −3 . A buffer providing graded germanium and/or boron concentrations can be used to better interface disparate layers. The concentration of boron doped in the germanium at the epi-metal interface effectively lowers parasitic resistance without degrading tip abruptness. The techniques can be embodied, for instance, in planar or non-planar transistor devices.
1. An integrated circuit structure, comprising:
a fin comprising silicon
a gate electrode over the fin, the gate electrode having a first side, and the gate electrode having a second side opposite the first side;
a first dielectric spacer along the first side of the gate electrode;
a first source or drain region in the fin proximate the first side of the gate electrode, a portion of the first source or drain region beneath the first dielectric spacer, and the first source or drain region comprising two or more facets and a top surface, wherein the first source or drain region comprises silicon and germanium having a germanium concentration graded to a concentration in excess of 50%, and wherein the first source or drain region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 1E20;
a first layer over the top surface of the first source or drain region, the first layer comprising silicon, germanium and titanium;
a second dielectric spacer along the second side of the gate electrode;
a second source or drain region in the fin proximate the second side of the gate electrode, a portion of the second source or drain region beneath the second dielectric spacer, and the second source or drain region comprising two or more facets and a top surface, wherein the second source or drain region comprises silicon and germanium having a germanium concentration graded to a concentration in excess of 50%, and wherein the second source or drain region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 1E20; and
a second layer over the top surface of the second source or drain region, the second layer comprising silicon, germanium and titanium.
2. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1 , further comprising:
an isolation region, wherein the fin protrudes through the isolation region, and wherein a portion of the gate electrode, a portion of the first dielectric spacer, and a portion of the second dielectric spacer are over the isolation region.
3. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1 , further comprising:
a gate dielectric layer, wherein the gate electrode is on the gate dielectric layer, wherein the gate dielectric layer comprises a high-k dielectric material, and wherein the gate electrode comprises a metal layer.
4. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1 , wherein the first source or drain region comprises three or more facets, and the second source or drain region comprises three or more facets.
5. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1 , wherein the first source or drain region comprises four or more facets, and the second source or drain region comprises four or more facets.
6. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1 , wherein the first source or drain region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 5E20, and wherein the second source or drain region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 5E20.
7. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1 , wherein the first source or drain region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 2E21, and wherein the second source or drain region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 2E21.
8. An integrated circuit structure, comprising:
a body comprising silicon;
a gate electrode over the body, the gate electrode having a first side, and the gate electrode having a second side opposite the first side;
a first dielectric spacer along the first side of the gate electrode;
a first source or drain region in the body proximate the first side of the gate electrode, a portion of the first source or drain region beneath the first dielectric spacer, and the first source or drain region comprising two or more facets and a top surface, wherein the first source or drain region comprises silicon and germanium having a germanium concentration graded to a concentration in excess of 50%, and wherein the first source or drain region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 1E20;
a first layer over the top surface of the first source or drain region, the first layer comprising silicon, germanium and titanium;
a second dielectric spacer along the second side of the gate electrode;
a second source or drain region in the body proximate the second side of the gate electrode, a portion of the second source or drain region beneath the second dielectric spacer, and the second source or drain region comprising two or more facets and a top surface, wherein the second source or drain region comprises silicon and germanium having a germanium concentration graded to a concentration in excess of 50%, and wherein the second source or drain region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 1E20; and
a second layer over the top surface of the second source or drain region, the second layer comprising silicon, germanium and titanium.
9. The integrated circuit structure of claim 8 , further comprising:
an isolation region, wherein the body protrudes through the isolation region, and wherein a portion of the gate electrode, a portion of the first dielectric spacer, and a portion of the second dielectric spacer are over the isolation region.
10. The integrated circuit structure of claim 8 , further comprising:
a gate dielectric layer, wherein the gate electrode is on the gate dielectric layer, wherein the gate dielectric layer comprises a high-k dielectric material, and wherein the gate electrode comprises a metal layer.
11. The integrated circuit structure of claim 8 , wherein the first source or drain region comprises three or more facets, and the second source or drain region comprises three or more facets.
12. The integrated circuit structure of claim 8 , wherein the first source or drain region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 5E20, and wherein the second source or drain region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 5E20.
13. The integrated circuit structure of claim 8 , wherein the first source or drain region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 2E21, and wherein the second source or drain region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 2E21.
14. An integrated circuit structure, comprising:
a fin comprising silicon;
a gate electrode over the fin, the gate electrode having a first side, and the gate electrode having a second side opposite the first side;
a first dielectric spacer along the first side of the gate electrode;
a first layer above the fin and proximate the first dielectric spacer, the first layer comprising silicon, germanium and titanium;
a first semiconductor region between the first layer and the fin, a portion of the first semiconductor region beneath the first dielectric spacer, and the first semiconductor region comprising two or more facets and a top surface, wherein a first region of the first semiconductor region comprises silicon and germanium having a germanium concentration graded to a concentration in excess of 50%, and wherein a second region of the first semiconductor region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 1E20;
a second dielectric spacer along the second side of the gate electrode;
a second layer above the fin and proximate the second dielectric spacer, the second layer comprising silicon, germanium and titanium; and
a second semiconductor region between the second layer and the fin, a portion of the second semiconductor region beneath the second dielectric spacer, and the second semiconductor region comprising two or more facets and a top surface, wherein a first region of the second semiconductor region comprises silicon and germanium having a germanium concentration graded to a concentration in excess of 50%, and wherein a second region of the second semiconductor region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 1E20.
15. The integrated circuit structure of claim 14 , further comprising:
an isolation region, wherein the fin protrudes through the isolation region, and wherein a portion of the gate electrode, a portion of the first dielectric spacer, and a portion of the second dielectric spacer are over the isolation region.
16. The integrated circuit structure of claim 14 , further comprising:
a gate dielectric layer, wherein the gate electrode is on the gate dielectric layer, wherein the gate dielectric layer comprises a high-k dielectric material, and wherein the gate electrode comprises a metal layer.
17. The integrated circuit structure of claim 14 , wherein the first semiconductor region comprises three or more facets, and the second semiconductor region comprises three or more facets.
18. The integrated circuit structure of claim 14 , wherein the first semiconductor region comprises four or more facets, and the second semiconductor region comprises four or more facets.
19. The integrated circuit structure of claim 14 , wherein the first semiconductor region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 5E20, and wherein the second semiconductor region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 5E20.
20. The integrated circuit structure of claim 14 , wherein the first semiconductor region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 2E21, and wherein the second semiconductor region comprises a boron concentration in excess of 2E21.