Low-k feature formation processes and structures formed thereby
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of forming a low-k dielectric material, for example, a low-k gate spacer layer in a FinFET device. The low-k dielectric material may be formed using a precursor having a general chemical structure comprising at least one carbon atom bonded between two silicon atoms. A target k-value of the dielectric material may be achieved by controlling carbon concentration in the dielectric material.
1. A method comprising:
forming a low-k layer using an Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) process, the ALD process comprising:
for a cycle, flowing a silicon-carbon source precursor having a chemical structure comprising at least one carbon atom bonded between two silicon atoms and wherein each chemical bond of the two silicon atoms that are not bonded to the at least one carbon atom is bonded to a halogen element; and
for the cycle, flowing an oxygen source precursor; and
repeating the cycle at least one time, wherein a flow rate of the silicon-carbon source precursor is modified from a first cycle to a second cycle.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the low-k layer has a carbon concentration in a range from greater than 0 atomic percent (at. %) to 30 at. %.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the low-k layer has a nitrogen concentration less than about 3 at. %.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein neither the silicon-carbon source precursor nor the oxygen source precursor comprises nitrogen.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a flow duration of the silicon-carbon source precursor is modified from a first cycle to a second cycle.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming the low-k layer forms the low-k layer adjacent to a first spacer layer adjacent to a dummy gate.
7. A method comprising:
forming a low-k layer using an Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) process, the ALD process comprising:
for a cycle, flowing a silicon-carbon source precursor having a chemical structure comprising at least one carbon atom bonded between at least two silicon atoms and halogen atoms filling the bonds of each of the at least two silicon atoms that are not bonded to the at least one carbon atom;
flowing an oxygen source precursor, wherein a composition of the silicon-carbon source precursor or a ratio of the silicon-carbon source precursor to the oxygen source precursor in the cycle is selected to control a carbon concentration in the low-k layer; and
repeating the cycle one or more times, wherein a first cycle of the repeating the cycle has a first flow rate of the oxygen source precursor and a second cycle of the repeating the cycle has a second flow rate of the oxygen source precursor different from the first flow rate.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the forming the low-k layer forms the low-k layer adjacent adjacent to a dummy gate.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising removing the dummy gate after the forming the low-k layer.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the silicon-carbon source precursor further comprises a silicon compound.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the low-k layer has a nitrogen concentration of less than about 3 at. %.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the low-k layer has a carbon concentration in a range from greater than 0 atomic percent (at. %) to 30 at. %.
13. A method comprising:
depositing a first spacer layer over a gate stack;
sequentially introducing a first precursor and a second precursor to the first spacer layer to form a second spacer layer, the second spacer layer having a carbon concentration in a range from greater than 0 atomic percent (at. %) to 30 at. % and a nitrogen concentration from 0 at. % to 3 at. %, and wherein the second spacer layer has a density of between 1.0 g/cm3 to 3.0 g/cm3;
patterning the first spacer layer and the second spacer layer into a first spacer; and
forming a source/drain region adjacent to the first spacer.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second spacer layer has a conformity of greater than 95% and less than 105%.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising replacing the gate stack after the patterning the first spacer layer and the second spacer layer.
16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising introducing a catalyst with the first precursor.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the catalyst is pyridine.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second spacer layer has an increasing carbon concentration from a first side of the second spacer layer to a second side of the second spacer layer.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the low-k layer has a density of between 1.0 g/cm 3 to 3.0 g/cm 3 .
20. The method of claim 7 , wherein the low-k layer has a density of between 1.0 g/cm 3 to 3.0 g/cm 3 .