Data storage device with syndrome weight minimization for data alignment
A memory controller that includes, in one implementation, a memory interface and a controller circuit. The memory interface is configured to interface with a non-volatile memory. The controller circuit is configured to receive a skewed codeword read from the non-volatile memory. The controller circuit is also configured to scan the skewed codeword by inserting or removing a quantity of bits at different locations in the skewed codeword and determining resulting syndrome weights of the skewed codeword. The controller circuit is further configured to determine an adjusted codeword by inserting or removing the quantity of bits at one of the different locations in the skewed codeword which results in a smallest syndrome weight. The controller circuit is also configured to decode the adjusted codeword.
1. A memory controller, comprising:
a memory interface configured to interface with a non-volatile memory; and
a controller circuit configured to:
receive a skewed codeword read from the non-volatile memory,
scan the skewed codeword by inserting or removing a quantity of bits at different locations in the skewed codeword and determining resulting syndrome weights of the skewed codeword,
determine an adjusted codeword by inserting or removing the quantity of bits at one of the different locations in the skewed codeword which results in a smallest syndrome weight, and
decode the adjusted codeword; and
wherein, to scan the skewed codeword, the controller circuit is further configured to:
scan the skewed codeword in first-sized steps that are larger than one bit,
determine a search location in the skewed codeword as one of the different locations for the first-sized steps which results in the smallest syndrome weight, and
scan the skewed codeword in second-sized steps near the search location until the resulting syndrome weight of the skewed codeword is below a decoding threshold, the second-sized steps being smaller than the first-sized steps.
2. The memory controller of claim 1 , wherein, to scan the skewed codeword, the controller circuit is further configured to scan the skewed codeword until the resulting syndrome weight of the skewed codeword is below a decoding threshold.
3. The memory controller of claim 1 , wherein, to scan the skewed codeword, the controller circuit is further configured to:
determine a bit error rate based on the smallest syndrome weight,
determine two candidate locations near the search location based on the bit error rate, and
scan the skewed codeword at the two candidate locations.
4. The memory controller of claim 1 , wherein the skewed codeword is a first skewed codeword read from a first memory unit of the non-volatile memory, wherein the adjusted codeword is a first adjusted codeword, and wherein the controller circuit is further configured to:
receive a second skewed codeword read from a second memory unit of the non-volatile memory, wherein the second memory unit follows the first memory unit,
determine a second adjusted codeword by inserting or removing the quantity of bits at a location of a most significant bit in the second skewed codeword, and
decode the second adjusted codeword.
5. The memory controller of claim 1 , wherein the quantity of bits includes more than one bit.
6. The memory controller of claim 1 , wherein, to scan the skewed codeword, the controller circuit is further configured to scan the skewed codeword in the second-sized steps of one bit.
7. A method, comprising:
receiving, with a controller circuit, a skewed codeword read from a non-volatile memory;
scanning, with the controller circuit, the skewed codeword by inserting or removing a quantity of bits at different locations in the skewed codeword and determining resulting syndrome weights of the skewed codeword;
determining, with the controller circuit, an adjusted codeword by inserting or removing the quantity of bits at one of the different locations in the skewed codeword which results in a smallest syndrome weight; and
decoding, with the controller circuit, the adjusted codeword; and
wherein the scanning the skewed codeword further includes:
scanning the skewed codeword in first-sized steps that are larger than one bit,
determining a search location in the skewed codeword as one of the different locations for the first-sized steps which results in the smallest syndrome weight,
determining a bit error rate based on the smallest syndrome weight,
determining two candidate locations near the search location based on the bit error rate, and
scanning the skewed codeword at the two candidate locations.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the scanning the skewed codeword further includes scanning the skewed codeword until the resulting syndrome weight of the skewed codeword is below a decoding threshold.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the scanning the skewed codeword further includes:
scanning the skewed codeword in second-sized steps near the search location until the resulting syndrome weight of the skewed codeword is below a decoding threshold, and
wherein the second-sized steps are smaller than the first-sized steps.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the skewed codeword is a first skewed codeword read from a first memory unit of the non-volatile memory, wherein the adjusted codeword is a first adjusted codeword, and wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, with the controller circuit, a second skewed codeword read from a second memory unit of the non-volatile memory, wherein the second memory unit follows the first memory unit;
determining, with the controller circuit, a second adjusted codeword by inserting or removing the quantity of bits at a location of a most significant bit in the second skewed codeword, and
decoding, with the controller circuit, the second adjusted codeword.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the quantity of bits includes more than one bit.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the scanning the skewed codeword further includes scanning the skewed codeword in second-sized steps of one bit.
13. An apparatus, comprising:
means for interfacing with a non-volatile memory;
means for receiving a skewed codeword read from the non-volatile memory;
means for scanning the skewed codeword by inserting or removing a quantity of bits at different locations in the skewed codeword and determining resulting syndrome weights of the skewed codeword;
means for determining an adjusted codeword by inserting or removing the quantity of bits at one of the different locations in the skewed codeword which results in a smallest syndrome weight; and
means for decoding the adjusted codeword; and
wherein the means for scanning the skewed codeword is configured to:
scan the skewed codeword in first-sized steps that are larger than one bit,
determine a search location in the skewed codeword as one of the different locations for the first-sized steps which results in the smallest syndrome weight, and
scan the skewed codeword in second-sized steps near the search location until the resulting syndrome weight of the skewed codeword is below a decoding threshold, the second-sized steps being smaller than the first-sized steps.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the means for scanning the skewed codeword is configured to scan the skewed codeword until the resulting syndrome weight of the skewed codeword is below a decoding threshold.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the means for scanning the skewed codeword is configured to:
determine a bit error rate based on the smallest syndrome weight,
determine two candidate locations near the search location based on the bit error rate, and
scan the skewed codeword at the two candidate locations.
16. An apparatus, comprising:
means for interfacing with a non-volatile memory;
means for receiving a skewed codeword read from the non-volatile memory;
means for scanning the skewed codeword by inserting or removing a quantity of bits at different locations in the skewed codeword and determining resulting syndrome weights of the skewed codeword;
means for determining an adjusted codeword by inserting or removing the quantity of bits at one of the different locations in the skewed codeword which results in a smallest syndrome weight; and
means for decoding the adjusted codeword; and
wherein the means for scanning the skewed codeword is configured to:
scan the skewed codeword in first-sized steps that are larger than one bit,
determine a search location in the skewed codeword as one of the different locations for the first-sized steps which results in the smallest syndrome weight,
determine a bit error rate based on the smallest syndrome weight,
determine two candidate locations near the search location based on the bit error rate, and
scan the skewed codeword at the two candidate locations.