System and method for pretreatement imaging in adaptive radiation therapy

1. A system, comprising:

at least one storage device including a set of instructions for adaptive treatment planning; and

at least one processor configured to communicate with the at least one storage device, wherein when executing the set of instructions, the system is directed to:

obtain a planning image of a region of interest (ROI) relating to a first treatment plan of the ROI;

obtain a first image and a reference image of the ROI, the first image being acquired by a first scan with a first dose level during a first treatment fraction, the reference image being acquired during a second treatment fraction prior to the first treatment fraction;

determine whether a replanning condition is satisfied based on the first image, the reference image, and the planning image;

in response to determining that the replanning condition is satisfied, cause a scanner to perform a second scan on the ROI with a second dose level to provide a second image of the ROI, the second dose level being higher than the first dose level; and

generate a second treatment plan according to the second image.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein to determine whether the replanning condition is satisfied based on the first image, the reference image, and the planning image, the system is directed to:

generate a first comparison result by comparing the planning image with the first image;

generate a second comparison result by comparing the planning image with the reference image; and

determine whether the replanning condition is satisfied based on the first comparison result and the second comparison result.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein to generate the first comparison result by comparing the planning image with the first image, the system is further directed to:

for each of at least one metric,

determine a first value with respect to the metric based on the planning image;

determine a second value with respect to the metric based on the first image; and

determine a first difference between the first value and the second value with respect to the metric.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein to generate the second comparison result by comparing the planning image with the reference image, the system is further directed to:

for each of the at least one metric,

determine a third value with respect to the metric based on the reference image; and

determine a second difference between the first value and the third value with respect to the metric.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein to determine whether the replanning condition is satisfied based on the first comparison result and the second comparison result, the system is further directed to:

determine a third difference between the first difference and a threshold;

determine a fourth difference between the second difference and the threshold;

determine whether the replanning condition is satisfied based on the third difference and the fourth difference.

6. The system of claim 3 , wherein the at least one metric is associated with an anatomical feature in the ROI.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is further directed to:

send an instruction to a radiation treatment device to deliver the second treatment plan to the region of interest.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is further directed to:

send, in response to a determination that the replanning condition is not satisfied, an instruction to a radiation treatment device to deliver the first treatment plan to the ROI.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first scan is a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan, and the second scan is a multislice computed tomography (MSCT) scan.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first image or the second image is an MSCT image obtained by an MSCT scanner, and an MSCT imaging bore of the MSCT scanner shares a common axis of rotation with a bore of a radiation treatment device.

11. A method for adaptive treatment planning implemented on a computing device having at least one processor and at least one storage device, the method comprising:

obtaining a planning image of a region of interest (ROI) relating to a first treatment plan of the ROI;

obtaining a first image and a reference image of the ROI, the first image being acquired by a first scan with a first dose level during a first treatment fraction, the reference image being acquired during a second treatment fraction prior to the first treatment fraction;

determining whether a replanning condition is satisfied based on the first image, the reference image, and the planning image;

in response to determining that the replanning condition is satisfied, causing a scanner to perform a second scan on the ROI with a second dose level to provide a second image of the ROI, the second dose level being higher than the first dose level; and

generating a second treatment plan according to the second image.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the determining whether the replanning condition is satisfied based on the first image, the reference image, and the planning image comprises:

generating a first comparison result by comparing the planning image with the first image;

generating a second comparison result by comparing the planning image with the reference image; and

determining whether the replanning condition is satisfied based on the first comparison result and the second comparison result.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the generating the first comparison result by comparing the planning image with the first image comprises:

for each of at least one metric,

determining a first value with respect to the metric based on the planning image;

determining a second value with respect to the metric based on the first image; and

determining a first difference between the first value and the second value with respect to the metric.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the generating the second comparison result by comparing the planning image with the reference image comprises:

for each of the at least one metric,

determining a third value with respect to the metric based on the reference image; and

determining a second difference between the first value and the third value with respect to the metric.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the determining whether the replanning condition is satisfied based on the first comparison result and the second comparison result comprises:

determining a third difference between the first difference and a threshold;

determining a fourth difference between the second difference and the threshold;

determining whether the replanning condition is satisfied based on the third difference and the fourth difference.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the at least one metric is associated with an anatomical feature in the ROI.

17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:

sending an instruction to a radiation treatment device to deliver the second treatment plan to the region of interest.

18. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:

sending, in response to a determination that the replanning condition is not satisfied, an instruction to a radiation treatment device to deliver the first treatment plan to the ROI.

19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first scan is a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan, and the second scan is a multislice computed tomography (MSCT) scan.

20. A non-transitory computer readable medium, comprising a set of instructions for adaptive treatment planning, wherein when executed by at least one processor, the set of instructions direct the at least one processor to effectuate a method, the method comprising:

obtaining a planning image of a region of interest (ROI) relating to a first treatment plan of the ROI;

obtaining a first image and a reference image of the ROI, the first image being acquired by a first scan with a first dose level during a first treatment fraction, the reference image being acquired during a second treatment fraction prior to the first treatment fraction;

determining whether a replanning condition is satisfied based on the first image, the reference image, and the planning image;

in response to determining that the replanning condition is satisfied, causing a scanner to perform a second scan on the ROI with a second dose level to provide a second image of the ROI, the second dose level being higher than the first dose level; and

generating a second treatment plan according to the second image.