Cold formed laminates
The principles and embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to complexly curved laminates made from a complexly curved substrate and a flat substrate, such as automotive window glazings, and methods of cold forming complexly-curved glass products from a curved substrate and a flat substrate. In one or more embodiments, the laminate includes first complexly-curved glass substrate with a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a second complexly-curved glass substrate with a third surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface with a thickness therebetween; and a polymer interlayer affixed to the second convex surface and third surface, wherein the third surface and fourth surface have compressive stress values respectively that differ such that the fourth surface has as compressive stress value that is greater than the compressive stress value of the third surface.
1. A laminate comprising:
a first complexly-curved glass substrate comprising a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a first thickness therebetween;
a second complexly-curved glass substrate comprising a third surface, a fourth surface opposite the third surface, and a second thickness therebetween; and
a polymer interlayer affixed to the second surface and the third surface, wherein the first thickness is equal to or less than 4.0 mm and the second thickness is in a range from about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm and a compressive stress value of the fourth surface is greater than a compressive stress value of the third surface.
2. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the first thickness is in a range from about 1.4 mm to about 4.0 mm.
3. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the first thickness is in a range from about 1.6 mm to about 3.85 mm.
4. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the first complexly-curved glass substrate comprises a soda lime glass or an alkali-containing borosilicate glass.
5. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the polymer interlayer comprises polyvinyl butyral, ethylenevinylacetate, an ionomer, a polyvinyl chloride copolymer, or a thermoplastic polyurethane.
6. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein a peripheral portion of the second complexly-curved glass substrate exerts a compressive force against the polymer interlayer, and a center portion of the second complexly-curved glass substrate exerts a tensile force against the polymer interlayer.
7. The laminate of claim 1 , further comprising a uniform distance between the second surface and the third surface.
8. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the laminate comprises a radii of curvature in a range from about 2 meters to about 2.5 meters along a minor axis of the laminate and a radius of curvature in a range from about 4 meters to about 5 meters along a major axis of the laminate.
9. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the second thickness is less than the first thickness.
10. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the first thickness is more than two times the second thickness.
11. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the second thickness is in a range from about 0.3 mm to about 1.4 mm.
12. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the second complexly-curved glass substrate comprises a soda lime glass, an alkali aluminosilicate glass, an alkali containing borosilicate glass or an alkali aluminoborosilicate glass.
13. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the second complexly-curved glass substrate is strengthened.
14. The laminate of claim 13 , wherein the second complexly-curved glass substrate is chemically strengthened.
15. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein the laminate comprises a windshield, a backlight, a sunroof, a fix-mounted roof panel, or a sidelight.
16. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the laminate is in a range from about 1.8 mm to about 6.85 mm.