Photovoltaic module with light-scattering encapsulant providing shingle-mimicking appearance
A photovoltaic module having a superstrate layer, an encapsulant having an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer being juxtaposed with a lower surface of the superstrate layer, and a photovoltaic layer intermediate the upper layer and the lower layer of the encapsulant. A first portion of the upper layer of the encapsulant includes a first light scattering value as measured in accordance with an ASTM E430 standard, and a second portion of the upper layer of the encapsulant has a second light scattering value as measured in accordance with the ASTM E430 standard. The second light scattering value is greater than the first light scattering value.
1. A system, comprising:
a roof deck,
at least one photovoltaic module on the roof deck,
wherein each of the at least one photovoltaic module includes:
a superstrate layer having an upper surface and a lower surface opposite the upper surface,
an encapsulant having an upper layer and a lower layer opposite the upper layer,
wherein the upper layer is juxtaposed with the lower surface of the superstrate layer; and
a photovoltaic layer between the upper layer and the lower layer of the encapsulant,
wherein the upper layer of the encapsulant is positioned above the photovoltaic layer,
wherein the photovoltaic layer includes a first solar cell, a second solar cell, and a third solar cell,
wherein the second solar cell is adjacent to the first solar cell,
wherein the third solar cell is adjacent to the second solar cell;
light-scattering material within the upper layer of the encapsulant,
wherein the light-scattering material above the first and third solar cells has a first light-scattering value as measured in accordance with an ASTM E430 standard,
wherein the light-scattering material above the second solar cell has a second light scattering value as measured in accordance with the ASTM E430 standard, and
wherein the second light-scattering value is different than the first light-scattering value.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first light scattering value is 0.1 to 12 haze units.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second light scattering value is 0.1 to 12 haze units.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the upper layer of the encapsulant includes a polymeric material.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the polymeric material includes at least one of ethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polydimethyl siloxane, a polyolefin elastomer, or a combination thereof.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the superstrate layer includes a glass material.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the superstrate layer includes a polymeric material.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the superstrate layer is optically transparent.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the upper layer of the encapsulant includes a pattern.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the pattern includes at least one of squares, rectangles, lozenges, diamonds, rhombuses, parallelograms, circles, hexagons, triangles, or a combination thereof.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein a transmission loss of power of light transmitted through the upper layer of the encapsulant having the light-scattering material above the second solar cell is less than 2 percent as compared to light transmitted through a comparison upper encapsulant layer that is identical to the upper layer of the encapsulant but lacks the light-scattering material.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one photovoltaic module includes a first photovoltaic module and a second photovoltaic module, wherein the second photovoltaic module is adjacent to the first photovoltaic module, and wherein the second light-scattering value of the first photovoltaic module is different from the second light-scattering value of the second photovoltaic module.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the difference between the second light-scattering value of the upper layer of the encapsulant of the first photovoltaic module and the second light-scattering value of the upper layer of the encapsulant of the second photovoltaic module imparts a random appearance to the system.
14. A system, comprising:
a roof deck; and
a plurality of photovoltaic modules installed on the roof deck,
wherein each of the photovoltaic modules includes
a superstrate layer having an upper surface and a lower surface opposite the upper surface, and
an encapsulant having an upper layer and a lower layer opposite the upper layer, wherein the upper layer is juxtaposed with the lower surface of the superstrate layer, and
a photovoltaic layer;
wherein the upper layer of the encapsulant is positioned above the photovoltaic layer,
wherein the photovoltaic layer includes a first solar cell, a second solar cell, and a third solar cell
wherein the second solar cell is adjacent to the first solar cell,
wherein the third solar cell is adjacent to the second solar cell; light-scattering material within the upper layer of the encapsulant,
wherein the light-scattering material above the first and third solar cells has a first light-scattering value as measured in accordance with an ASTM E430 standard,
wherein the light-scattering material above the second solar cell has a second light-scattering value as measured in accordance with the ASTM E430 standard, and
wherein the second light scattering value is different than the first light scattering value.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein each of the plurality of photovoltaic modules includes a photovoltaic layer intermediate the upper layer of the encapsulant and the lower layer of the encapsulant, wherein at least a first one of the photovoltaic modules is electrically active, and wherein at least a second one of the photovoltaic modules is electrically inactive.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the second one of the photovoltaic modules meets standards of California Building Energy Efficiency Standards of Residential and Nonresidential Buildings, Title 24, Part 6.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the second one of the photovoltaic modules has a solar reflectivity index (SRI) greater than 16.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein the photovoltaic layer includes a fourth solar cell, wherein the fourth solar cell is adjacent the third solar cell, wherein the light-scattering material above the fourth solar cell has a third light scattering value as measured in accordance with the ASTM E430 standard, and wherein the third light scattering value is different than at least one of the first light scattering value and the second light scattering value.
19. The system of claim 14 , wherein the photovoltaic layer includes a fourth solar cell, wherein the fourth solar cell is adjacent the third solar cell, wherein the light-scattering material above the fourth solar cell has a third light scattering value as measured in accordance with the ASTM E430 standard, and wherein the third light scattering value is different than at least one of the first light scattering value and the second light scattering value.
20. A system, comprising:
a roof deck; and
a plurality of photovoltaic modules installed on the roof deck,
wherein at least two of the plurality of photovoltaic modules includes
a superstrate layer having an upper surface and a lower surface opposite the upper surface, and
an encapsulant having an upper layer and a lower layer opposite the upper layer,
wherein the upper layer is juxtaposed with the lower surface of the superstrate layer,
wherein the upper layer extends within a first plane,
a photovoltaic layer,
wherein the upper layer of the encapsulant is positioned above the photovoltaic layer, and
light-scattering material within the upper layer of the encapsulant,
wherein the light-scattering material in the first plane of the upper layer of the encapsulant includes multiple and varying light-scattering values, and
wherein the light-scattering values are measured in accordance with an ASTM E430 standard.