Power amplifiers with adaptive bias for envelope tracking applications
Power amplifiers with adaptive bias for envelope tracking applications are provided herein. In certain embodiments, an envelope tracking system includes a power amplifier that amplifies a radio frequency (RF) signal and that receives power from a power amplifier supply voltage, and an envelope tracker that generates the power amplifier supply voltage based on an envelope of the RF signal. The power amplifier includes a field-effect transistor (FET) for amplifying the RF signal, and a current mirror including an input that receives a reference current and an output connected to the power amplifier supply voltage. An internal voltage of the current mirror is used to bias the gate of the FET to compensate the FET for changes in the power amplifier supply voltage arising from envelope tracking.
1. A mobile device comprising:
a transceiver configured to generate a radio frequency signal;
a power management system including an envelope tracker configured to generate a power amplifier supply voltage that changes in relation to an envelope of the radio frequency signal; and
a front end system including a power amplifier configured to amplify the radio frequency signal and to receive power from the power amplifier supply voltage, the power amplifier including a current mirror having an input configured to receive a reference current and an output electrically connected to the power amplifier supply voltage, and a field-effect transistor configured to amplify the radio frequency signal and having a gate biased based on an internal voltage of the current mirror, the internal voltage of the current mirror operable to increase in response to a decrease of the power amplifier supply voltage, and to decrease in response to an increase of the power amplifier supply voltage.
2. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the field-effect transistor is a short channel metal oxide semiconductor transistor.
3. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier further includes a choke inductor electrically connected between the power amplifier supply voltage and a drain of the field-effect transistor.
4. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the current mirror is a Wilson current mirror.
5. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier further includes a buffer configured to buffer the internal voltage of the current mirror to generate a gate bias voltage of the field-effect transistor.
6. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the current mirror includes a first mirror transistor having a drain configured to output the internal voltage, a second mirror transistor, a third mirror transistor, and a fourth mirror transistor, the third mirror transistor and the first mirror transistor connected in series between the input of the current mirror and a ground voltage, and the fourth mirror transistor and the second mirror transistor connected in series between the output of the current mirror and the ground voltage.
7. The mobile device of claim 6 wherein a gate of the first mirror transistor is connected to a gate of the second mirror transistor, and a gate of the third mirror transistor is connected to a gate of the fourth mirror transistor.
8. The mobile device of claim 7 wherein a drain of the second mirror transistor is connected to the gate of the second mirror transistor, and a drain of the third mirror transistor is connected to the gate of the third mirror transistor.
9. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier further includes a current source configured to generate the reference current.
10. A mobile device comprising:
a transceiver configured to generate a radio frequency signal;
a power management system including an envelope tracker configured to generate a power amplifier supply voltage that changes in relation to an envelope of the radio frequency signal; and
a front end system including a power amplifier configured to amplify the radio frequency signal and to receive power from the power amplifier supply voltage, the power amplifier including a current mirror having an input configured to receive a reference current and an output electrically connected to the power amplifier supply voltage, a field-effect transistor configured to amplify the radio frequency signal and having a gate biased based on an internal voltage of the current mirror, and a buffer configured to buffer the internal voltage of the current mirror to generate a gate bias voltage of the field-effect transistor, the buffer including a first depletion-mode transistor and a second depletion-mode transistor configured to provide buffering with a zero shift.
11. An envelope tracking system comprising:
an envelope tracker configured to generate a power amplifier supply voltage that changes in relation to an envelope of a radio frequency signal; and
a power amplifier configured to amplify the radio frequency signal and to receive power from the power amplifier supply voltage, the power amplifier including a current mirror having an input configured to receive a reference current and an output electrically connected to the power amplifier supply voltage, and a field-effect transistor configured to amplify the radio frequency signal and having a gate biased based on an internal voltage of the current mirror, the current mirror including a first mirror transistor having a drain configured to output the internal voltage, a second mirror transistor, a third mirror transistor, and a fourth mirror transistor, the third mirror transistor and the first mirror transistor connected in series between the input of the current mirror and a ground voltage, and the fourth mirror transistor and the second mirror transistor connected in series between the output of the current mirror and the ground voltage.
12. The envelope tracking system of claim 11 wherein the internal voltage of the current mirror increases in response to a decrease of the power amplifier supply voltage, and decreases in response to an increase of the power amplifier supply voltage.
13. The envelope tracking system of claim 11 wherein the field-effect transistor is a short channel metal oxide semiconductor transistor.
14. The envelope tracking system of claim 2 wherein the current mirror is a Wilson current mirror.
15. The envelope tracking system of claim 11 wherein the power amplifier further includes a buffer configured to buffer the internal voltage of the current mirror to generate a gate bias voltage of the field-effect transistor.
16. The envelope tracking system of claim 11 wherein a gate of the first mirror transistor is connected to a gate of the second mirror transistor, and a gate of the third mirror transistor is connected to a gate of the fourth mirror transistor.
17. The envelope tracking system of claim 11 wherein a drain of the second mirror transistor is connected to the gate of the second mirror transistor, and a drain of the third mirror transistor is connected to the gate of the third mirror transistor.
18. A method of radio frequency signal amplification in a mobile device, the method comprising:
generating a power amplifier supply voltage that changes in relation to an envelope of a radio frequency signal using an envelope tracker;
powering a power amplifier using the power amplifier supply voltage;
amplifying the radio frequency signal using afield-effect transistor of the power amplifier;
generating a gate bias voltage of the field-effect transistor using an internal voltage of a current mirror of the power amplifier, including providing a reference current to an input of the current mirror and providing the power amplifier supply voltage to an output of the current mirror; and
increasing the internal voltage of the current mirror in response to a decrease of the power amplifier supply voltage, and decreasing the internal voltage of the current mirror in response to an increase of the power amplifier supply voltage.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising buffering the internal voltage of the current mirror to generate the gate bias voltage of the field-effect transistor.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein buffering the internal voltage comprises using a first depletion-mode transistor and a second depletion-mode transistor to provide buffering with a zero shift.