Antimicrobial glass compositions, glasses and polymeric articles incorporating the same
Embodiments of the present invention pertain to antimicrobial glass compositions, glasses and articles. The articles include a glass, which may include a glass phase and a cuprite phase. In other embodiments, the glasses include as plurality of Cu 1+ ions, a degradable phase including B2O3, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O and a durable phase including SiO 2 . Other embodiments include glasses having a plurality of Cu 1+ ions disposed on the surface of the glass and in the glass network and/or the glass matrix. The article may also include a polymer. The glasses and articles disclosed herein exhibit a 2 log reduction or greater in a concentration of at least one of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , and E. coli , under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing condition and under Modified JIS Z 2801 for Bacteria testing conditions.
1. An architectural structure comprising:
a carrier comprising cement; and
particles or fibers of a glass dispersed in the carrier, the glass comprising, in mole percent:
SiO 2 in the range from about 40 to about 70,
at least one of (i) B 2 O 3 , (ii) P 2 O 5 , (iii) alkaline earth oxides, and (iv) R 2 O, wherein R is any one or more of K, Na, Li, Rb and Cs, and
a plurality of Cu 1+ ions,
wherein, a portion of the plurality of Cu 1+ ions leaches from the glass when the glass is exposed to or in contact with a leachate.
2. The architectural structure of claim 1 , wherein the leachate is an acid, water, or humidity.
3. The architectural structure of claim 1 , further exhibiting resistance against bacterial contamination by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes as evidenced by no bacterial recovery under ASTM D2574, Standard Test for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in the Container to Attack by Microorganisms.
4. The architectural structure of claim 1 , further exhibiting resistance to fungi as evidenced by no observed growth every seven-days and after a twenty-eight day period under ASTM D5590, Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week Agar Plate Assay.
5. The architectural structure of claim 1 , further exhibiting resistance to algae as evidenced by no observed growth every seven-days and after a twenty-one day period under ASTM D5589, Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Algal Defacement.
6. The architectural structure of claim 1 , further exhibiting any one or more of:
a 2 log reduction or greater in a concentration of any one or more of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , and E. coli , under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy Surfaces as a Sanitizer testing condition,
a 4 log reduction or greater in a concentration of any one or more of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , and E. coli , under JIS Z 2801 (2000) testing conditions or a Modified JIS Z 2801 Test for Bacteria, and
a 4 log reduction or greater in a concentration of Murine Norovirus under a Modified JIS Z 2801 Test for Viruses.
7. The architectural structure of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of Cu 1+ ions is provided in the glass as a copper-containing oxide.
8. The architectural structure of claim 7 , wherein the copper-containing oxide comprises at least one of CuO and Cu 2 O.
9. The architectural structure of claim 1 , wherein the glass comprises Al 2 O 3 in an amount of about 5 mole percent or less.
10. The architectural structure of claim 1 , wherein the particles of glass comprise an irregular shape.
11. The architectural structure of claim 1 , wherein the carrier comprises talc, clay, mica, or mud.
12. A method comprising:
forming a glass from a batch comprising (in mol %):
44 to 66 SiO 2 ;
18 to 37 copper-containing oxide; and
5 to 13 R 2 O, wherein R is one or more of K and Na; and
annealing the glass at a temperature of 600° C. to 700° C.;
forming the glass into particles having an average major dimension of about 0.1 μm to about 1 μm; and
combining the particles of the glass with cement thus forming a composite;
wherein, phase separation within the glass occurred during the step of forming the glass;
wherein, the phase separation resulted in (i) a glassy matrix phase, (ii) a degradable phase, and (iii) a cuprite crystalline phase disposed within the degradable phase;
wherein, the glassy matrix phase is enriched in silicon relative to the degradable phase; and
wherein, the cuprite crystalline phase has an average major dimension, before the glass is subjected to a step of forming the glass into particles, of about 5 micrometers (μm) or less.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
forming the composite into an architectural structure.
14. The method of claim 13 further comprising mechanically or chemically treating the architectural structure to expose at least some of the particles or fibers of glass contained in the architectural structure to air or to provide some of the particles or fibers of the glass at a surface of the architectural structure.