Hemorrhage management system
An embodiment includes a wound dressing comprising: a shape memory polymer (SMP) foam, including open cells, having first and second states; and a hydrogel (HG) included within the cells; wherein (a) in a first position a composite, including the SMP foam and the HG, is configured to be located proximate a hemorrhagic tissue with the SMP foam in the first state; (b) in a second position the composite is configured to be expanded to the second state against the hemorrhagic tissue when the SMP foam is plasticized at 37° C. depressing a glass transition temperature (T g ) of the SMP foam to below 25° C. Other embodiments are described herein.
1. A system comprising:
a composite including a shape memory polymer (SMP) foam, a hydrogel (HG), and a therapeutic agent;
wherein: (a) the SMP foam includes open cells and has first and second states, and (b) the hydrogel is included within the open cells;
wherein the composite is configured to: (a) be located in a hemorrhagic tissue with the SMP foam in the first state; and (b) expand the SMP foam to the second state in the hemorrhagic tissue when the SMP foam is plasticized at 37° C. depressing a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the SMP foam to below 25° C.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent includes a drug delivery agent.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the drug delivery agent includes at least one of kaolin, chitosan, silicate nanoparticles, bioactive glass particles, diatomaceous earth, or combinations thereof.
4. The system of claim 2 comprising a tube, wherein the composite is included in the tube.
5. The system of claim 4 comprising:
an additional composite including an additional SMP foam, an additional HG, and an additional therapeutic agent;
wherein: (a) the additional SMP foam includes additional open cells and has additional first and second states, and (b) the additional HG is included within the additional open cells;
wherein the additional composite is included in the tube.
6. The system of claim 2 comprising a substrate, wherein the substrate is coupled to the composite.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the substrate includes at least one of gauze, a bandage, a tourniquet, or combinations thereof.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent is included in the HG.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein:
the SMP foam includes struts;
the HG coats the struts.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein:
the SMP foam includes struts;
the HG adheres to the struts.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the SMP foam is crimped;
the composite has a Shape Recovery (H″/H)(100) of at least 80%;
H″ is a length of the composite in the second state and H is a length of the composite before being crimped.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the SMP foam is crimped;
the composite has an Expansion Ratio (H″/H′) of at least 1.00;
H″ is a length of the composite in the second state and H′ is a length of the composite while crimped.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the SMP foam is crimped;
the composite has swellability (Q) of at least 18 where Q=(mass of the composite when saturated)/(mass of the composite when dry).
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the HG covers some portions of the SMP foam but not all portions of the SMP foam.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam includes polyurethane and the HG includes Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate (PEG-DA)N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP).
16. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the SMP foam includes a polymer;
the polymer comprises polymerized monomers;
the monomers include hydroxypropyl ethylenediamine (HPED), triethanolamine (TEA), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI).
17. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the SMP foam is crosslinked;
the SMP foam includes struts;
the struts form the open cells, and
the HG is crosslinked around the struts.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the SMP foam is a thermoset polymer that includes polyurethane.
19. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the SMP foam includes struts;
the struts form the open cells, and
the HG forms a membrane on the struts.
20. The system of claim 1 , wherein, in response to the composite contacting bodily fluids present in the hemorrhagic tissue with the SMP foam in the first state, the composite is configured to expand the SMP foam to the second state when the SMP foam is plasticized at 37° C. depressing the Tg of the SMP foam to below 25° C.