Durable surface coatings

1. A coating, comprising a base coat and a top coat covalently linked to the base coat, wherein the base coat includes an alkylsilanyl moiety, and the top coat includes a polymeric moiety having an amine moiety, wherein the coating is about 100 nanometers thick or less.

2. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the coating is covalently linked to a surface.

3. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric moiety is a poly(MEA-co-APMA) polymer, an amine functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) polymer, an amine functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol), an amine functionalized hyaluronic acid, or a combination thereof.

4. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the alkylsilanyl moiety is (C 1-20 alkyl)silanyl.

5. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the alkylsilanyl moiety is propylsilanyl, propylmethoxysilanyl, propyldimethoxysilanyl, heptylsilanyl, heptylmethoxysilanyl, heptyldimethoxysilanyl, undecylsilanyl, undecylmethoxysilanyl, undecyldimethoxysilanyl, or a combination thereof.

6. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the base coat and top coat are covalently linked such that an aminoalkylsilanyl moiety is present.

7. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the amine moiety is a secondary amine or a tertiary amine.

8. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the coating is about 10 nanometers thick or less.

9. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the coating is about 1 nanometer thick.

10. A medical device, comprising the coating of claim 1 covalently linked to a surface of the medical device.

11. A process for forming a coating, comprising a base coat and a top coat covalently linked to the base coat, wherein the base coat includes an alkylsilanyl moiety, and the top coat includes a polymeric moiety having an amine moiety,

wherein the coating is 100 nanometers thick or less,

wherein the process comprises contacting the alkylsilanyl moiety with the polymeric moiety having an amine moiety to form the coating, and

wherein the alkylsilanyl moiety is a haloalkylsilanyl moiety.

12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the haloalkylsilanyl moiety is halopropylsilanyl, halopropylmethoxysilanyl, halopropyldimethoxysilanyl, haloheptylsilanyl, haloheptylmethoxysilanyl, haloheptyldimethoxysilanyl, haloundecylsilanyl, haloundecylmethoxysilanyl, haloundecyldimethoxysilanyl, or a combination thereof.

13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the halo is bromo.

14. A process for coating a medical device, including:

a) contacting a halosilanyl compound with a surface of the medical device to form a base coat; and

b) contacting the base coat with a hydrophilic polymeric moiety having an amine moiety to form a top coat,

wherein the base coat is covalently linked to the surface of the medical device, and the top coat is covalently linked to the base coat, and

wherein a combined thickness of the base coat and top coat is about 100 nanometers or less.

15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the halosilanyl compound is 3-bromopropyltrimethoxysilane, 7-bromoheptyltrimethoxysilane, 11-bromoundecyltrimethoxysilane, or a combination thereof.

16. The process of claim 14 , wherein the process is performed with the surface of the medical device at least partially submerged in a solution.

17. The process of claim 14 , further comprising a curing step subsequent to forming the base coat and prior to forming the top coat.

18. The process of claim 14 , further comprising contacting the surface of the medical device with a hydroxylating agent prior to forming the base coat.

19. A surface, comprising the coating of claim 1 covalently linked to the surface.

20. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the alkylsilanyl moiety is a bromo silane, and the polymeric moiety having an amine moiety is a copolymer of 2-methoxyethyl acrylate and N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide.

21. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the alkylsilanyl moiety is 3-bromopropyltrimethoxysilane, and the polymeric moiety having an amine moiety is a copolymer of 2-methoxyethyl acrylate and N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide.

22. The coating of claim 1 , comprising the structure