Power stealing using a current transformer
A circuit includes a first rectifier having a first rectifier input and a first rectifier output. The circuit also includes a bridge circuit and a second rectifier. The bridge circuit is coupled to the first rectifier output. The bridge circuit has first, second, third, and fourth terminals. The first and second terminals are coupled to the first rectifier output, and the third and fourth terminals are adapted to be coupled to a primary winding of a transformer. The second rectifier has a second rectifier input and a second rectifier output. The second rectifier input is adapted to be coupled to a secondary winding of the transformer.
1. A circuit, comprising:
a first gate driver having a first gate driver input, wherein the first gate driver is adapted to be coupled to a control terminal of a first transistor, and the first gate driver is configured to turn on the first transistor in response to a first active gate signal received at the first gate driver input;
a second gate driver having a second gate driver input, wherein the second gate driver is adapted to be coupled to the control terminal of a second transistor, and the second gate driver is configured to turn on the second transistor in response to a second active gate signal received at the second gate driver input;
a third gate driver having a third gate driver input, wherein the third gate driver is adapted to be coupled to the control terminal of a third transistor, and the third gate driver is configured to turn on the third transistor in response to a third active gate signal received at the third gate driver input;
a fourth gate driver having a fourth gate driver input, wherein the fourth gate driver is adapted to be coupled to the control terminal of a fourth transistor, and the fourth gate driver is configured to turn on the fourth transistor in response to a fourth active gate signal received at the fourth gate driver input; and
a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller having first, second, third, and fourth outputs coupled to respective first, second, third, and fourth gate driver inputs, wherein the PWM controller is configured to generate first, second, third, and fourth gate signals for the first, second, third, and fourth gate drivers, respectively, to implement a repeating pattern, the repeating pattern including:
a first pattern portion in which the second and third gate signals are asserted and the first and fourth gate signals are deasserted;
a second pattern portion in which the first and second gate signals are asserted and the third and fourth gate signals are deasserted;
a third pattern portion in which the first and fourth gate signals are asserted and the second and third gate signals are deasserted; and
a fourth pattern portion in which the third and fourth gate signals are asserted and the first and second gate signals are deasserted.
2. The circuit of claim 1 , further including a current limit circuit having a current limit circuit input and a current limit circuit output, wherein the current limit circuit output is coupled to at least one of the first, second, third, or fourth gate drivers, the current limit circuit is configured to assert a control signal at the current limit circuit output responsive to a current through at least one of the first, second, third, or fourth transistors exceeding a threshold.
3. The circuit of claim 2 , in which the current limit circuit output is coupled to the first, second, third, and fourth gate drivers, and wherein responsive to the current limit circuit asserting the control signal, each of the first, second, third, and fourth gate drivers turn off the first, second, third, and fourth transistors, respectively.
4. The circuit of claim 2 , in which the current limit circuit includes a comparator having a first comparator input and a second comparator input, wherein the first comparator input is the current limit circuit input, and the second comparator input is configured to receive a threshold voltage.
5. The circuit of claim 1 , in which the PWM controller has a PWM controller input, and wherein:
in response to a PWM input signal on the PWM controller input having a first logic state, the PWM controller implements the repeating pattern comprising the first, second, third, and fourth pattern portions; and
in response to a PWM input signal on the PWM controller input having a second logic state, the PWM controller implements the repeating pattern until a current through at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth transistors exceeds a threshold at which time the first, second, third, and fourth gate drivers turn off the first, second, third, and fourth transistors, respectively.
6. The circuit of claim 1 , further including a Zener diode adapted to be coupled to the first and second transistors.
7. The circuit of claim 1 , in which the PWM controller is configured to implement the repeating pattern at a frequency of at least 100 Hz.
8. The circuit of claim 1 , in which the PWM controller is configured to implement the repeating pattern at a frequency of at least 20 KHz.
9. A circuit, comprising:
a first rectifier having a first rectifier input and a first rectifier output;
a bridge circuit coupled to the first rectifier output, wherein the bridge circuit has first, second, third, and fourth terminals, the first and second terminals are coupled to the first rectifier output, and the third and fourth terminals are adapted to be coupled to a primary winding of a transformer, wherein the bridge circuit includes:
first, second, third, and fourth transistors;
a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller having a PWM input, and at least one PWM output configurable to control inputs of the first, second, third, and fourth transistors; and
a current limit circuit having an input and an output, wherein the current limit circuit input is adapted to be coupled to at least one of the first, second, third, or fourth transistors, and the current limit circuit output is coupled to the PWM input; and
a second rectifier having a second rectifier input and a second rectifier output, wherein the second rectifier input is adapted to be coupled to a secondary winding of the transformer;
in which the PWM controller implements a repeating pattern, the repeating pattern including:
a first pattern portion in which the second and third transistors are on, and the first and fourth transistors are off;
a second pattern portion in which the first and second transistors are on, and the third and fourth transistors are off;
a third pattern portion in which the first and fourth transistors are on, and the second and third transistors are off; and
a fourth pattern portion in which the third and fourth transistors are on, and the first and second transistors are off.
10. The circuit of claim 9 , in which the bridge circuit includes:
a first transistor coupled to the primary winding;
a second transistor coupled to the primary winding;
a third transistor coupled to the primary winding; and
a fourth transistor coupled to the primary winding.
11. The circuit of claim 9 , in which the current limit circuit includes a comparator.
12. The circuit of claim 9 , in which the PWM controller is configured to implement the repeating pattern at a frequency of at least 20 KHz.
13. The circuit of claim 9 , in which the second rectifier output is configurable to provide an operating voltage to a microcontroller unit.
14. A circuit, comprising:
a plurality of gate drivers, wherein each of the gate drivers is configured to control a respective transistor of a transistor bridge circuit, and the transistor bridge circuit is adapted to be coupled to a transformer;
a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller having outputs coupled to respective gate drivers of the plurality of gate drivers, wherein the PWM controller is configured to implement a repeating pattern, the repeating pattern including:
a first pattern portion in which a first pair of the plurality of gate drivers is activated to cause current to flow through the transformer;
a second pattern portion in which a second pair of the plurality of gate drivers is activated without current flowing through the transformer;
a third pattern portion in which a third pair of the plurality of gate drivers is activated to cause current to flow through the transformer; and
a fourth pattern portion in which a fourth pair of the plurality of gate drivers is activated without current flowing through the transformer; and
a current limit circuit having a current limit circuit input and a current limit circuit output, wherein the current limit circuit output is coupled to the plurality of gate drivers, and the current limit circuit is configured to assert a control signal on the current limit circuit output responsive to a current through the transistor bridge circuit exceeding a threshold.
15. The circuit of claim 14 in which the current limit circuit includes a comparator having a first comparator input and a second comparator input, wherein the first comparator input is adapted to be coupled to the transistor bridge circuit, and the second comparator input is configured to receive a threshold voltage.
16. The circuit of claim 14 , in which the PWM controller is configured to implement the repeating pattern at a frequency of at least 100 Hz.
17. The circuit of claim 14 , in which the PWM controller is configured to implement the repeating pattern at a frequency of at least 10 KHz.