Granted Patent
B2
US 12,582,337 · App. 17/542,273 · Granted Mar 24, 2026
Solid-state substrate-integrated reference electrode and counter electrode
Inventors:
Alan Campbell (San Diego, CA); Jennifer Ruth Walters Fuchs (Carlsbad, CA); Joshua Ray Windmiller (San Diego, CA)
Assignee:
Biolinq Incorporated
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Abstract
Aspects are directed to a reference electrode integrated on a surface of a substrate to facilitate functionalization of a working electrode. The reference electrode is used in the electrochemical deposition or electrodeposition of one or more functional layers on a working electrode. The working electrode may be a sensing element of an analyte-selective sensor. Additional aspects of the current subject matter are directed to a counter electrode integrated on a surface of a substrate.
Claims (33)
1 . A method, comprising:
providing a device comprising a substrate, a planar reference electrode positioned only on an anterior surface of the substrate, and a working electrode positioned on a microneedle extending from the anterior surface of the substrate, wherein the planar reference electrode and the working electrode form an electrolytic cell in a fluid medium, and wherein the planar reference electrode comprises a transducer positioned on the anterior surface of the substrate and an overlay comprising a redox couple applied to a first surface of the transducer;
immersing the device in the fluid medium; and
applying an electrical stimulus to the working electrode, thereby causing electrodeposition of a surface layer on the working electrode.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the working electrode is configured to function as a sensing element in an analyte-selective sensor.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface layer comprises at least one of a sensing layer, a biorecognition layer, a diffusion limiting layer, a biocompatible layer, or an interference rejection layer.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the working electrode comprises at least one of a metal, a metal alloy, a semiconductor, or a polymer.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises at least one of a printed circuit board, a flexible circuit, a polymer, or a semiconductor.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the transducer comprises at least one of a trace, an electrode, a pad, a via, a contact point, or an electrical connector.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the transducer comprises at least one of a metal, a metal alloy, or a metal oxide.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the overlay comprises at least one of a metal, a metal alloy, a metal oxide, a metal salt, a metal dispersion, a metal ink, a metal paste, a semiconductor, or a conducting polymer.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the redox couple comprises Ag/AgCl, Cu/CuSO 4 , or Ir 2 O 3 /IrO 2 .
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said redox couple facilitates the formation of a stable electrode potential.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the stable electrode potential is between −1.5 volts and +1.5 volts versus a standard hydrogen electrode.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the application of the electrical stimulus comprises one or more of amperometry, chronoamperometry, coulometry, voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, a galvanic electrochemical application, or a potentiometric electrochemical application.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said electrolytic cell comprises a counter electrode.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid medium comprises at least one of an aqueous solution, an electrolytic solution, an ionic liquid, a solvent, or a dispersion.
15 . A method, comprising:
providing a device comprising a semiconductor substrate, a reference electrode positioned on an anterior surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a working electrode positioned on a microneedle extending from the anterior surface of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the reference electrode and the working electrode form an electrolytic cell in a fluid medium, and wherein the reference electrode comprises a transducer positioned on the anterior surface of the semiconductor substrate and an overlay comprising a redox couple applied to a first surface of the transducer;
immersing the device in the fluid medium; and
applying an electrical stimulus to the working electrode, thereby causing electrodeposition of a surface layer on the working electrode.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the working electrode is configured to function as a sensing element in an analyte-selective sensor.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the surface layer comprises at least one of a sensing layer, a biorecognition layer, a diffusion limiting layer, a biocompatible layer, or an interference rejection layer.
18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the working electrode comprises at least one of a metal, a metal alloy, a semiconductor, or a polymer.
19 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the transducer comprises at least one of a trace, an electrode, a pad, a via, a contact point, or an electrical connector.
20 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the transducer comprises at least one of a metal, a metal alloy, or a metal oxide.
21 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the overlay comprises at least one of a metal, a metal alloy, a metal oxide, a metal salt, a metal dispersion, a metal ink, a metal paste, a semiconductor, or a conducting polymer.
22 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the redox couple comprises Ag/AgCl, Cu/CuSO 4 , or Ir 2 O 3 /IrO 2 .
23 . The method of claim 15 , wherein said redox couple facilitates the formation of a stable electrode potential.
24 . The method of claim 23 , wherein the stable electrode potential is between −1.5 volts and +1.5 volts versus a standard hydrogen electrode.
25 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the application of the electrical stimulus comprises one or more of amperometry, chronoamperometry, coulometry, voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, a galvanic electrochemical application, or a potentiometric electrochemical application.
26 . The method of claim 15 , wherein said electrolytic cell comprises a counter electrode.
27 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the fluid medium comprises at least one of an aqueous solution, an electrolytic solution, an ionic liquid, a solvent, or a dispersion.
Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Jun 20, 2023
From: CAMPBELL, ALAN; FUCHS, JENNIFER RUTH WALTERS; WINDMILLER, JOSHUA RAY
To: BIOLINQ INCORPORATED
Reel/Frame 064002/0154 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application
63121223
· Dec 3, 2020
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