Rechargeable lithium ion battery for wide temperature range and high temperatures
A rechargeable lithium-ion battery includes a housing and a battery cell arranged in the housing. The battery cell includes a liquid electrolyte, a composite anode, a composite cathode, and a separator arranged between the composite anode and the composite cathode. The liquid electrolyte includes an ionic liquid, an organic compound, and a lithium salt. The composite anode includes a metal current collector coated with a layer which includes an active material and a binder. The composite cathode includes a metal current collector coated with a layer which includes an active material and a binder. The active material of the composite anode is a lithium titan oxide (LTO). The composite cathode, the composite anode, and the separator, when immersed in the liquid electrolyte, are heat resistant at temperatures of above 150° C. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery is rechargeable in a temperature range of from −30° C. to 150° C.
1. A rechargeable lithium-ion battery comprising:
a housing; and
at least one battery cell which is arranged within the housing, the at least one battery cell comprising:
a liquid electrolyte which comprises an ionic liquid, at least one organic compound, and a lithium salt,
a composite anode which comprises a metal current collector which is coated with a layer which comprises at least one active material and at least one binder,
a composite cathode which comprises a metal current collector which is coated with a layer which comprises at least one active material and at least one binder, and
a separator which is arranged between the composite anode and the composite cathode, the separator comprising at least one layer of a nonwoven fibrous separator material which is,
selected from the group consisting of at least one of a cellulose, a polyamide, a polyacrylic acid, a polyaramide, a polyimide, and a polyester, or
is polyethylene terephthalate,
wherein,
the at least one active material of the composite anode is a lithium titan oxide (LTO),
the composite cathode, the composite anode, and the separator, when immersed in the liquid electrolyte, are heat resistant at temperatures of above 150° C., and
the rechargeable lithium-ion battery is rechargeable in a temperature range of from −30° C. to 150° C.
2. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery as recited in claim 1 , wherein the metal current collector of the composite anode and the metal current collector of the composite cathode each have a specific resistance of less than 0.04 μΩ·m.
3. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery as recited in claim 1 , wherein the metal current collector of the composite anode and the metal current collector of the composite cathode each consist of aluminum or of an aluminum alloy.
4. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one active material of the composite cathode is selected from the group consisting of LifePO 4 (lithium iron phosphate (LFP)), Li(Ni x Mn y Co x )O 2 (NMC) (lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide), LiCoO 2 (lithium cobalt oxide), LiMnO (lithium manganese oxide), and LiMnNiO (lithium manganese nickel oxide).
5. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery as recited in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least one binder of the composite anode and the at least one binder of the composite cathode comprises a styrene butadiene rubber (SBR).
6. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery as recited in claim 1 , wherein the separator comprises three different nonwoven fibrous separator materials consisting of a cellulose, a polyamide, and a polyethylene terephthalate.
7. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery as recited in claim 1 , wherein the separator has a porosity of >10%.
8. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery as recited in claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt comprises LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 (LiTFSI), LiN(SO 2 F) 2 (LiFSI), LiC 6 F 3 N 4 (LiTDI), LIN(CF 3 CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 (LiBETI=BETA), LiCF 3 SO 3 (LiTf), LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiNO 3 , LiAsF 6 , or LiI.
9. A rechargeable lithium-ion battery comprising:
a housing; and
at least one battery cell which is arranged within the housing, the at least one battery cell comprising:
a liquid electrolyte which comprises an ionic liquid, at least one organic compound, and a lithium salt,
a composite anode which comprises a metal current collector which is coated with a layer which comprises at least one active material and at least one binder,
a composite cathode which comprises a metal current collector which is coated with a layer which comprises at least one active material and at least one binder, and
a separator which is arranged between the composite anode and the composite cathode,
wherein,
the at least one active material of the composite anode is a lithium titan oxide (LTO),
the composite cathode, the composite anode, and the separator, when immersed in the liquid electrolyte, are heat resistant at temperatures of above 150° C.,
the rechargeable lithium-ion battery is rechargeable in a temperature range of from −30° C. to 150° C.,
the at least one organic compound is selected from the group consisting of a low molecular weight polymer, an organic carbonate, a gamma-butyrolactone, a gamma-valerolactone, or a delta-valerolactone, and
the low molecular weight polymer comprises:
an alkylene oxide chain, or
a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
10. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery as recited in claim 9 , wherein the alkylene oxide chain is an ethylene oxide chain or a propylene oxide chain.
11. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery as recited in claim 9 , wherein the low molecular weight polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether comprises a diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, a triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, or a tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
12. A rechargeable lithium-ion battery comprising:
a housing; and
at least one battery cell which is arranged within the housing, the at least one battery cell comprising:
a liquid electrolyte which comprises an ionic liquid, at least one organic compound, and a lithium salt,
a composite anode which comprises a metal current collector which is coated with a layer which comprises at least one active material and at least one binder,
a composite cathode which comprises a metal current collector which is coated with a layer which comprises at least one active material and at least one binder, and
a separator which is arranged between the composite anode and the composite cathode,
wherein,
the at least one active material of the composite anode is a lithium titan oxide (LTO),
the composite cathode, the composite anode, and the separator, when immersed in the liquid electrolyte, are heat resistant at temperatures of above 150° C.,
the rechargeable lithium-ion battery is rechargeable in a temperature range of from −30° C. to 150° C.
the ionic liquid comprises an organic cation and an organic anion, and
the organic cation is selected,
from the group consisting of an imidazolium, piperidinium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, and ammonium, or
from the group consisting of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI), trifluoromethylsulfonate (Tf), 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazol-1-ide, bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, tetrafluoroborate, and tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate.
13. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery as recited in claim 12 , wherein the organic cation is selected from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, propyl-methyl-imidazolium, propyl-methyl-imidazolium, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium, n-hexylpyridinium, trimethyl-butyl-ammonium, triethyl-butyl-ammonium, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium.