Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can suppress the surface direction unevenness of an output image throughout repeated image formation. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support having a cylindrical shape and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, wherein the support contains at least one of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and wherein when an area at the maximum frequency calculated from the area distribution curve of the aluminum crystal grains of the surface of the support is represented by A (μm 2 ) and the half-width of the highest peak in the area distribution curve is represented by B (μm 2 ), the support satisfies the following formula (1): B/A ≤1.0 (1).
1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member, comprising:
a support having a cylindrical shape and comprising at least one of aluminum or an aluminum alloy; and
a photosensitive layer formed on the support, wherein
B/A≤1.0 when A (μm 2 ) is an area at a maximum frequency calculated from an area distribution curve of aluminum crystal grains of a surface of the support and B (μm 2 ) is a half-width of a highest peak in the area distribution curve.
2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein an average area of the aluminum crystal grains calculated from the area distribution curve is at least 10 μm 2 .
3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the support satisfies B/A≤0.5.
4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the support is formed of an aluminum alloy containing 0.6 mass % or less of a silicon element, 0.7 mass % or less of an iron element, 0.05 mass % or more and 0.2 mass % or less of a copper element, 1.0 mass % or more and 1.5 mass % or less of a manganese element, and 0.1 mass % or less of a zinc element, and containing aluminum and impurities as a balance.
5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the support is formed of an aluminum alloy containing 0.2 mass % or more and 0.6 mass % or less of a silicon element, 0.35 mass % or less of an iron element, 0.1 mass % or less of a copper element, 0.1 mass % or less of a manganese element, 0.45 mass % or more and 0.9 mass % or less of a magnesium element, 0.1 mass % or less of a chromium element, 0.1 mass % or less of a zinc element, and 0.1 mass % or less of a titanium element, and containing aluminum and impurities as a balance.
6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the support is formed of an aluminum alloy containing (i) 0.6 mass % or less of a silicon element, 0.7 mass % or less of an iron element, 0.05 mass % or more and 0.2 mass % or less of a copper element, 1.0 mass % or more and 1.5 mass % or less of a manganese element, and 0.1 mass % or less of a zinc element, and containing aluminum and impurities as a balance, or (ii) 0.2 mass % or more and 0.6 mass % or less of a silicon element, 0.35 mass % or less of an iron element, 0.1 mass % or less of a copper element, 0.1 mass % or less of a manganese element, 0.45 mass % or more and 0.9 mass % or less of a magnesium element, 0.1 mass % or less of a chromium element, 0.1 mass % or less of a zinc element, and 0.1 mass % or less of a titanium element, and containing aluminum and impurities as a balance.
7. A process cartridge, comprising:
an electrophotographic photosensitive member; and
at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit and a cleaning unit;
the process cartridge integrally supporting the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the at least one unit, and being removably mounted onto a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus; and
the electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support having a cylindrical shape and comprising at least one of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and having a photosensitive layer formed on the support, wherein
B/A≤1.0 when A (μm 2 ) is an area at a maximum frequency calculated from an area distribution curve of aluminum crystal grains of a surface of the support and B (μm 2 ) is a half-width of a highest peak in the area distribution curve.
8. An electrophotographic apparatus, comprising:
an electrophotographic photosensitive member;
a charging unit;
an exposing unit;
a developing unit; and
a transferring unit;
the electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support having a cylindrical shape and comprising at least one of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and having a photosensitive layer formed on the support, wherein
B/A≤1.0 when A (μm 2 ) is an area at a maximum frequency calculated from an area distribution curve of aluminum crystal grains of a surface of the support and B (μm 2 ) is a half-width of a highest peak in the area distribution curve.