Systems and methods for making encapsulated hourglass shaped stents
Systems and methods for the manufacture of an hourglass shaped stent-graft assembly having an hourglass shaped stent, graft layers, and an assembly mandrel having an hourglass shaped mandrel portion. Hourglass shaped stent may have superelastic and self-expanding properties. Hourglass shaped stent may be encapsulated using hourglass shaped mandrel assembly coupled to a dilation mandrel used for depositing graft layers upon hourglass shaped mandrel assembly. Hourglass shaped mandrel assembly may have removably coupled conical portions. The stent-graft assembly may be compressed and heated to form a monolithic layer of biocompatible material. Encapsulated hourglass shaped stents may be used to treat subjects suffering from heart failure by implanting the encapsulated stent securely in the atrial septum to allow blood flow from the left atrium to the right atrium when blood pressure in the left atrium exceeds that on the right atrium. The encapsulated stents may also be used to treat pulmonary hypertension.
1. A method for making an encapsulated stent-graft assembly, the method comprising:
providing an expandable stent frame having a fiest end region, a second end region, and a middle region;
depositing a graft tupe on the expandable stent frame such that two layers of the graft tube are deposited on the first end region and on the second end region and three layers of the graft tube are deposited on the middle region;
inserting a mandrl within the expandable stent frame;
positioning a compressor over the expandable stent frame while the mandrel is inserted within the expandable stent frame; and
compressing the graft tube onto the expandable stent frame while the mandrel is positioned therein for making the encapsulatd stent-graft assembly.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, after positioning the compressor over the expandable stent frame while the mandrel is inserted within the expandable stent frame, heating the compressor, the stent frame, and the mandrel to cause the two layers of the graft tube deposited othe first end region and the second end region and the three layers of the graft deposited on the middle region to become sintered together to form a nonolithic layer of graft tube, thereby forming the encapsulated stent-graft assembly.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein sintering comprises heating the compressor, the stent frame, and the mandrel at or above 327° C.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein sintering comprises heating the compressor, the stent frame, and the mandrel for 7-10 minutes.
5. The method of claim 1 , further coprises, positioning a flexible sleeve over the expandable stent frame while the mandrel is inserted within the expandable stent frame.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the flexible sleeve is configured to receive the stent frame an to be positioned within the compressor.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising trimming a portion of the graft tube from the expandable stent frame while the mandrel is positioned within the encapsulated stent-graft assembly.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein trimming comprises using a laser.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mandrel comprises at least one ventilation hole configured to reduce a suction effect created when compressing the graft tube onto the expandable stent frame while the mandrel is positioned therein.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graft tube comprises a first graft portion, a second graft portion, and a third graft portion, and
wherein depositing the graft tube on the expandable stent frame comprises depositing the first graft portion on an exterior surface of the middle region and an exterior surface of the first end region, depositing the second graft portion on an interior surface of the first and second end regions and the middle region, and depositing the third graft portion on an exterior surface of the second end region and the exterior surface of the middle region.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing a third layer of the graft tube on the exterior of the second end region of the expandable stent frame and a fourth layer of the graft tube on the interior of the second end region of the expandable stent frame.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graft tube comprises expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), further coprising heating the ePTFE to a temperature at or above the crystalline melt point of the ePTFE for a period of time sufficient to sinter the ePTFE material.
13. A method for making an encapsulated stent-graft assembly, the method comprising:
providing an expandable stent frame having a first region, a second region, and a third region; p 1 depositing a continuous graft tube on the expandable stent frame such that two layers of the graft tube are deposited on the first region and on the second region and three layers of the continuous graft tube are deposited on the third region;
inserting a mandrel within the expandable stent frame;
positioning a compressor over the expandable stent frame while the mandrel is inserted within the expandable stent frame; and
compressing the continuous graft tube onto the expandable stent frame while the mandrel is positioned therein for making the encapsulated stent-graft assembly.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising, after positioning the compressor over the expandable stent frame while the mandrel is inserted within the expandable stent frame, heating the compressor, the stent frame, and the mandrel to cause the two layers of the continuous graft tube deposited on the first region and the second region and the three layers of the continuous graft tube deposited on the third region to become sintered together to form a monolithic ayer of graft tube, thereby forming the encapsulated stent-graft assembly.