Modification of feed consumption patterns in beef cattle rations
The present invention relates to feed compositions that can modify the feeding behavior of animals. Supplements can be added to no or low roughage rations that improve the performance of animals. In particular, the addition of calcium chloride to a low or no roughage ration can increase the number of feedings but decrease the amount of feeding per meal. This can result in promoting enhances feed conversion and better cost of feed to weight gain.
1. A method of increasing feeding frequency of confined steers comprising:
feeding the steers a total daily feed ration comprising roughage at up to about 5 weight percent on a dry matter basis and calcium chloride at about 0.15 weight percent to about 0.40 weight percent on a dry matter basis,
wherein in response to ingesting the total daily feed ration, the steers feed at least about 5 percent more times per day compared to steers fed a conventional daily ration of about 8-15 weight percent roughage on a dry matter basis.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calcium chloride is between about 0.2 weight percent and about 0.3 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total daily feed ration further comprises fish oil.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the fish oil is less than about 0.5 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total daily feed ration further comprises diammonium phosphate.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the diammonium phosphate is less than about 0.25 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total daily feed ration further comprises ammonium sulfate.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the ammonium sulfate is less than about 0.45 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the roughage is about 2 weight percent to about 5 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steers feed at least about 10 percent more times per day.
11. A method of decreasing an amount of feed consumed per feeding by confined steers, the method comprising:
providing the confined steers access to a total feed ad libitum, the total feed comprising:
a no or low roughage feed comprising roughage at up to about 5 weight percent of the total feed on a dry matter basis; and
a feeding pattern modifying composition comprising calcium chloride at about 0.15 weight percent to about 0.40 weight percent of the total feed on a dry matter basis,
wherein in response to ingesting the total feed, the steers consume at least about 10 percent less feed per feeding compared to steers fed a conventional total feed of about 8-10 weight percent roughage on a dry matter basis.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the calcium chloride is between about 0.2 weight percent and about 0.3 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the feed further comprises fish oil.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the fish oil is less than about 0.5 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the feed further comprises diammonium phosphate.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the diammonium phosphate is less than about 0.25 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the feed further comprises ammonium sulfate.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the ammonium sulfate is less than about 0.45 weight percent on a dry matter basis.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the roughage is about 2 weight percent to about 5 weight percent by weight on a dry matter basis.
20. The method of claim 11 , the steers consume at least about 20 percent less feed per feeding compared to steers fed a conventional total feed of about 8-10 weight percent roughage on a dry matter basis.