IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,405,351
Granted Patent B2
US 12,405,351 · App. 17/705,034 · Granted Sep 2, 2025

Adaptive Tx-Rx crosstalk cancellation for radar systems

Inventors: Lorenz Ferdinand Wilhelm Weiland (Munich, DE); Rodrigo Perez Gonzalez (Munich, DE)
Assignee: Infineon Technologies AG
G01S7/038G01S7/354G01S13/343
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,405,351
App. No.
17/705,034
Granted
Sep 2, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

In an embodiment, a method includes: initializing a crosstalk compensation factor indicative of a transmitter-receiver crosstalk between a transmit path of a radar sensor and a receive path of the radar sensor; receiving radar data from the radar sensor; selecting a set of data from the radar data; performing target detection on the set of data; and after performing the target detection on the set of data, when no target is detected in the set of data, updating the crosstalk compensation factor based on the set of data and, after updating the crosstalk compensation factor, generating a radar spectrum based on the radar data and the crosstalk compensation factor, and when a target is detected in the set of data, generating the radar spectrum based on the radar data and the crosstalk compensation factor without updating the crosstalk compensation factor.

Claims (81)

1. A method comprising:

initializing a crosstalk compensation factor indicative of a transmitter-receiver crosstalk between a transmit path of a radar sensor and a receive path of the radar sensor;

receiving radar data from the radar sensor;

selecting a set of data from the radar data;

performing target detection on the set of data;

after performing the target detection on the set of data,

when no target is detected in the set of data, updating the crosstalk compensation factor based on the set of data and, after updating the crosstalk compensation factor, generating a radar spectrum based on the radar data and the crosstalk compensation factor, and

when a target is detected in the set of data, generating the radar spectrum based on the radar data and the crosstalk compensation factor without updating the crosstalk compensation factor;

determining a crosstalk approximation of the transmitter-receiver crosstalk;

determining a residual of the crosstalk approximation based on the crosstalk approximation and the set of data; and

determining a spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation, wherein performing the target detection on the set of data comprises performing the target detection on the set of data based on the spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation, and the spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation comprises range bins representing frequency domain values.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the crosstalk approximation comprises determining a polynomial fit on the set of data, wherein determining the residual of the crosstalk approximation comprises determining a residual of the polynomial fit based on the polynomial fit and the set of data, and wherein determining the spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation comprises determining a spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining the polynomial fit comprises performing a least-squares fit of a low-order polynomial on the set of data, wherein the low-order polynomial is a polynomial of order between 6 and 10.

4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising integrating a first L bins of the spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit to generate an integrated spectrum, L being a positive integer greater than 1 and lower than or equal to a maximum number of bins of the spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit, wherein performing the target detection on the set of data comprises performing the target detection on the set of data based on the integrated spectrum.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein integrating the first L bins of the spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit comprises incoherently integrating the first L bins of the spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

generating the radar spectrum comprises using a spectral estimator; and

generating the spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation comprises using the spectral estimator.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the target detection on the set of data comprises performing the target detection on the set of data using a constant false alarm rate (CFAR).

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising aborting the target detection on the set of data when a first target is detected.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein updating the crosstalk compensation factor comprises updating the crosstalk compensation factor using an exponential moving average.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosstalk compensation factor comprises a crosstalk spectrum, and wherein generating the radar spectrum comprises:

generating a first radar spectrum based on the radar data; and

subtracting the crosstalk spectrum from the first radar spectrum.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosstalk compensation factor comprises a time-domain crosstalk estimate, and wherein generating the radar spectrum comprises:

subtracting the time-domain crosstalk estimate from the radar data to generate compensated radar data; and

generating the radar spectrum based on the compensated radar data.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of data comprises a plurality of linear chirps.

13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating the radar data based on signals from the receive path of the radar sensor.

14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing the target detection or target tracking based on the radar spectrum.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the radar sensor is a millimeter-wave radar sensor.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of data is a subset of radar data selected from the radar data.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

selecting the set of data and performing the target detection on the set of data comprises selecting the set of data and performing the target detection on the set of data at a same rate as a frame rate of the radar data; or

selecting the set of data and performing the target detection on the set of data comprises selecting the set of data and performing the target detection on the set of data at a rate lower than the frame rate of the radar data; or

selecting the set of data and performing the target detection on the set of data comprises selecting the set of data and performing the target detection on the set of data at a dynamic rate; or

the method further comprises generating the radar spectrum based on the radar data and the crosstalk compensation factor at a faster rate than performing the target detection on the set of data.

18. A radar system comprising:

a radar sensor configured to transmit radar signals via a transmit path, receive reflected radar signals via a receive path, and provide radar data based on an output of the receive path; and

at least one processor and at least one memory with instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor enable the radar system to perform the steps of:

initializing a crosstalk compensation factor indicative of a transmitter-receiver crosstalk between the transmit path and the receive path,

selecting a set of data from the radar data,

performing target detection on the set of data, and

after performing the target detection on the set of data,

when no target is detected in the set of data, updating the crosstalk compensation factor based on the set of data and, after updating the crosstalk compensation factor, generating a radar spectrum based on the radar data and the crosstalk compensation factor, and

when a target is detected in the set of data, generating the radar spectrum based on the radar data and the crosstalk compensation factor without updating the crosstalk compensation factor;

determining a crosstalk approximation of the transmitter-receiver crosstalk; determining a residual of the crosstalk approximation based on the crosstalk approximation and the set of data; and

determining a spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation, wherein performing the target detection on the set of data comprises performing the target detection on the set of data based on the spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation, and the spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation comprises range bins representing frequency domain values.

19. The radar system of claim 18 , wherein:

selecting the set of data and performing the target detection on the set of data comprises selecting the set of data and performing the target detection on the set of data at a same rate as a frame rate of the radar data, or

selecting the set of data and performing the target detection on the set of data comprises selecting the set of data and performing the target detection on the set of data at a rate lower than the frame rate of the radar data, or

selecting the set of data and performing the target detection on the set of data comprises selecting the set of data and performing the target detection on the set of data at a dynamic rate, or

the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor further enable the radar system to perform the step of generating the radar spectrum based on the radar data and the crosstalk compensation factor at a faster rate than performing the target detection on the set of data.

20. A method comprising:

initializing a crosstalk compensation factor indicative of a transmitter-receiver crosstalk between a transmit path of a radar sensor and a receive path of the radar sensor;

receiving radar data from the radar sensor;

selecting a set of data from the radar data;

performing target detection on the set of data;

after performing the target detection on the set of data,

when no target is detected in the set of data, updating the crosstalk compensation factor based on the set of data and, after updating the crosstalk compensation factor, generating a radar spectrum based on the radar data and the crosstalk compensation factor, and

when a target is detected in the set of data, generating the radar spectrum based on the radar data and the crosstalk compensation factor without updating the crosstalk compensation factor;

determining a crosstalk approximation of the transmitter-receiver crosstalk;

determining a residual of the crosstalk approximation based on the crosstalk approximation and the set of data; and

determining a spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation, wherein performing the target detection on the set of data comprises performing the target detection on the set of data based on the spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation, wherein determining the crosstalk approximation comprises determining a polynomial fit on the set of data, wherein determining the residual of the crosstalk approximation comprises determining a residual of the polynomial fit based on the polynomial fit and the set of data, and wherein determining the spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation comprises determining a spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit.

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein determining the polynomial fit comprises performing a least-squares fit of a low-order polynomial on the set of data, wherein the low-order polynomial is a polynomial of order between 6 and 10.

22. The method of claim 20 , further comprising integrating a first L bins of the spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit to generate an integrated spectrum, L being a positive integer greater than 1 and lower than or equal to a maximum number of bins of the spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit, wherein performing the target detection on the set of data comprises performing the target detection on the set of data based on the integrated spectrum.

23. The method of claim 22 , wherein integrating the first L bins of the spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit comprises incoherently integrating the first L bins of the spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit.

24. A radar system comprising:

a radar sensor configured to transmit radar signals via a transmit path, receive reflected radar signals via a receive path, and provide radar data based on an output of the receive path; and

at least one processor and at least one memory with instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor enable the radar system to perform the steps of:

initializing a crosstalk compensation factor indicative of a transmitter-receiver crosstalk between the transmit path and the receive path,

selecting a set of data from the radar data,

performing target detection on the set of data,

after performing the target detection on the set of data,

when no target is detected in the set of data, updating the crosstalk compensation factor based on the set of data and, after updating the crosstalk compensation factor, generating a radar spectrum based on the radar data and the crosstalk compensation factor, and

when a target is detected in the set of data, generating the radar spectrum based on the radar data and the crosstalk compensation factor without updating the crosstalk compensation factor,

determining a crosstalk approximation of the transmitter-receiver crosstalk;

determining a residual of the crosstalk approximation based on the crosstalk approximation and the set of data, and

determining a spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation, wherein performing the target detection on the set of data comprises performing the target detection on the set of data based on the spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation, wherein determining the crosstalk approximation comprises determining a polynomial fit on the set of data, wherein determining the residual of the crosstalk approximation comprises determining a residual of the polynomial fit based on the polynomial fit and the set of data, and wherein determining the spectrum of the residual of the crosstalk approximation comprises determining a spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit.

25. The radar system of claim 24 , wherein determining the polynomial fit comprises performing a least-squares fit of a low-order polynomial on the set of data, wherein the low-order polynomial is a polynomial of order between 6 and 10.

26. The radar system of claim 24 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor further enable the radar system to perform the step of integrating a first L bins of the spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit to generate an integrated spectrum, L being a positive integer greater than 1 and lower than or equal to a maximum number of bins of the spectrum of the residual of the polynomial fit, wherein performing the target detection on the set of data comprises performing the target detection on the set of data based on the integrated spectrum.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Apr 5, 2022
From: WEILAND, LORENZ FERDINAND WILHELM; PEREZ GONZALEZ, RODRIGO
To: INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG
Reel/Frame 059507/0503 →
Continuity (1)
Related Publication 20230305101A1 · Sep 28, 2023
References Cited (212)
US 4241347A · Albanese et al. · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 6147572A · Kaminski et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6414631B1 · Fujimoto · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6636174B2 · Arikan et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 7048973B2 · Sakamoto et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7057564B2 · Tsai et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7171052B2 · Park · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7317417B2 · Arikan et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7596241B2 · Rittscher et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7692574B2 · Nakagawa · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7873326B2 · Sadr · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7889147B2 · Tam et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8228382B2 · Pattikonda · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8497805B2 · Rofougaran et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8659369B2 · Rofougaran et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8731502B2 · Salle et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8836596B2 · Richards et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8847814B2 · Himmelstoss et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8860532B2 · Gong et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8976061B2 · Chowdhury · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9172132B2 · Kam et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9182476B2 · Wintermantel · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9202105B1 · Wang et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9229102B1 · Wright et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9413079B2 · Kamgaing et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9495600B2 · Heu et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9886095B2 · Pothier · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9935065B1 · Baheti et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10795012B2 · Santra et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20030179127A1 · Wienand · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040238857A1 · Beroz et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20060001572A1 · Gaucher et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060049995A1 · Imaoka et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060067456A1 · Ku et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070028219A1 · Miller · 2007 [cited by examiner]
US 20070210959A1 · Herd et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080106460A1 · Kurtz et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080238759A1 · Carocari et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080291115A1 · Doan et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080308917A1 · Pressel et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090073026A1 · Nakagawa · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090085815A1 · Jakab et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090146865A1 · Watanabe et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090153428A1 · Rofougaran et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090262005A1 · McNeill et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090315761A1 · Walter et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100207805A1 · Haworth · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110299433A1 · Darabi et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120087230A1 · Guo et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120092284A1 · Rofougaran et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120116231A1 · Liao et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120195161A1 · Little et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120206339A1 · Dahl · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120265486A1 · Klofer et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120268314A1 · Kuwahara et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120280900A1 · Wang et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130027240A1 · Chowdhury · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130106673A1 · McCormack et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140028542A1 · Lovitt et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140070994A1 · Schmalenberg et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140145883A1 · Baks et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140324888A1 · Xie et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150181840A1 · Tupin, Jr. et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150185316A1 · Rao et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150212198A1 · Nishio et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150243575A1 · Strothmann et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150277569A1 · Sprenger et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150325925A1 · Kamgaing et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150346820A1 · Poupyrev et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150348821A1 · Wanaga et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150364816A1 · Murugan et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160018511A1 · Nayyar et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160041617A1 · Poupyrev · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160041618A1 · Poupyrev · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160061942A1 · Rao et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160061947A1 · Patole et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160098089A1 · Poupyrev · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160103213A1 · Kram et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160109566A1 · Liu et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160118353A1 · Ahrens et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160135655A1 · Ahn et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160146931A1 · Rao et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160146933A1 · Rao et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160178730A1 · Trotta et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160187462A1 · Altus et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160191232A1 · Subburaj et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160223651A1 · Kamo et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160240907A1 · Haroun · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160249133A1 · Sorensen · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160252607A1 · Saboo et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160259037A1 · Molchanov et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160266233A1 · Mansour · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160269815A1 · Liao et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160291130A1 · Ginsburg et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160299215A1 · Dandu et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160306034A1 · Trotta et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160320852A1 · Poupyrev · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160320853A1 · Lien et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160327633A1 · Kumar Y.B. et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160334502A1 · Ali et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160349845A1 · Poupyrev et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170033062A1 · Liu et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170045607A1 · Bharadwaj et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170052618A1 · Lee et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170054449A1 · Mani et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170060254A1 · Molchanov et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170070952A1 · Balakrishnan et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170074974A1 · Rao et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170074980A1 · Adib et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170090014A1 · Subburaj et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170090015A1 · Breen et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170115377A1 · Giannini et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170131395A1 · Reynolds et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170139036A1 · Nayyar et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170141453A1 · Waelde et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170170947A1 · Yang · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170176574A1 · Eswaran et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170192847A1 · Rao et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170201019A1 · Trotta · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170212597A1 · Mishra · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170364160A1 · Malysa et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180046255A1 · Rothera et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180071473A1 · Trotta et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180101239A1 · Yin et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20200191911A1 · Meissner · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20200217926A1 · Pietsch et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200264272A1 · Visweswaran · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20220350010A1 · Sagi · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20230139751A1 · Sanderovich · 2023 [cited by examiner]
CN 1463161A · 2003 [cited by applicant]
CN 1716695A · 2006 [cited by applicant]
CN 101490578A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
CN 101585361A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
CN 102788969A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
CN 102967854A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 103529444A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
CN 203950036U · 2014 [cited by applicant]
DE 102008054570A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
DE 102011100907A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
DE 102011075725A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
DE 102014118063A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
GB 2247799A · 1992 [cited by applicant]
JP 2001174539A · 2001 [cited by applicant]
JP 2004198312A · 2004 [cited by applicant]
JP 2006234513A · 2006 [cited by applicant]
JP 2008029025A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
JP 2008089614A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
JP 2009069124A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
JP 2011529181A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
JP 2012112861A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
JP 2013521508A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
JP 2014055957A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
KR 20090063166A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
KR 20140082815A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2007060069A1 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013009473A2 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016033361A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
Will, Christoph et al., “Advanced Template Matching Algorithm for Instantaneous Heartbeat Detection using Continuous Wave Radar Systems”, ResearchGate, May 2017, 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Will, Christoph et al., “Human Target Detection, Tracking, and Classification Using 24-GHz FMCW Radar”, IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 19, No. 17, Sep. 1, 2019, pp. 7283-7299. [cited by applicant]
Will, Christoph et al., “Local Pulse Wave Detection using Continuous Wave Radar Systems”, IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology, Oct. 25, 2017, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
Will, Christoph et al., “Radar-Based Heart Sound Detection”, Scientific Reports, www.nature.com/scientificreports, Jul. 26, 2018, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
Xin, Qin et al., “Signal Processing for Digital Beamforming FMCW SAR,” Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2014, Article ID 859890, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/859890, Apr. 15, … [cited by applicant]
“BT24MTR11 Using BGT24MTR11 in Low Power Applications 24 GHz Rader,” Application Note AN341, Revision: Rev 1.0, Infineon Technologies AG, Munich, Germany, Dec. 2, 2013, 25 pages. [cited by applicant]
Chen, Xiaolong et al., “Detection and Extraction of Marine Target with Micromotion via Short-Time Fractional Fourier Transform in Sparse Domain,” IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Co… [cited by applicant]
Chen, Xiaolong et al., “Detection and Extraction of Target with Micromotion in Spiky Sea Clutter via Short-Time Fractional Fourier Transform”, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 52, No. 2, Feb. 201… [cited by applicant]
Chioukh, Lydia et al., “Noise and Sensitivity of Harmonic Radar Architecture for Remote Sensing and Detection of Vital Signs”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 62, No. 9, Sep. 2014, pp. 1847-18… [cited by applicant]
Chuanhua, Du, “FMCW Radar Range-Doppler Processing and Beam Formation Technology,” Chinese Doctoral Dissertations & Master's Theses Full Text Database (Masters)—Information Science and Technology Series, China National … [cited by applicant]
Deacon, Peter et al., “Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Radar,” Design Team 6 Technical Lecture, Nov. 9, 2011, 27 pages. [cited by applicant]
Dham, Vivek “Programming Chirp Parameters in TI Radar Devices,” Application Report SWRA553, Texas Instruments, May 2017, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
Diederichs, Kailtyn et al., “Wireless Biometric Individual Identification Utilizing Millimeter Waves”, IEEE Sensors Letters, vol. 1, No. 1, IEEE Sensors Council 3500104, Feb. 2017, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Gigie, Andrew et al., “Novel Approach for Vibration Detection Using Indented Radar”, Progess in Electromagnetic Research C, vol. 87, pp. 147-162, Oct. 4, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Gouveia, Carolina et al., “A Review on Methods for Random Motion Detection and Compensation in Bio-Radar Systems”, Sensors, MDPI, Jan. 31, 2019, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
Gu, Changzhan et al., “Assessment of Human Respiration Patterns via Noncontact Sensing Using Doppler Multi-Radar System”, Sensors Mar. 2015, 15(3), 6383-6398, doi: 10.3390/s150306383, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
Gu, Changzhan et al., “Deep Neural Network based Body Movement Cancellation for Doppler Radar Vital Sign Detection”, IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS) May 19-22, 2019, 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
Gu, Changzhu “Short-Range Noncontact Sensors for Healthcare and Other Emerging Applications: A Review”, Sensors, MDPI, Jul. 26, 2016, 24 pages. [cited by applicant]
Gu, Changzhan et al., “From Tumor Targeting to Speed Monitoring”, IEEE Microwave Magazine, ResearchGate, Jun. 2014, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Guercan, Yalin “Super-resolution Algorithms for Joint Range-Azimuth-Doppler Estimation in Automotive Radars,” Technische Universitet Delft, TUDelft University of Technology Challenge the Future, Jan. 25, 2017, 72 pages. [cited by applicant]
Hu, Wei et al., “Noncontact Accurate Measurement of Cardiopulmonary Activity Using a Compact Quadrature Doppler Radar Sensor”, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 61, No. 3, Mar. 2014, pp. 725-735. [cited by applicant]
Immoreev, I. Ya. “Ultrawideband Radars: Features and Capabilities”, Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics, ISSN: 1064-2269, vol. 54, No. 1, Feb. 8, 2009, pp. 1-26. [cited by applicant]
Inac, Ozgur et al., “A Phased Array RFIC with Built-In Self-Test Capabilities,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 60, No. 1, Jan. 2012, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Killedar, Abdulraheem “XWR1xxx Power Management Optimizations—Low Cost LC Filter Solution,” Application Report SWRA577, Texas Instruments, Oct. 2017, 19 pages. [cited by applicant]
Kishore, N. et al., “Millimeter Wave Antenna for Intelligent Transportation Systems Application”, Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, vol. 17, No. 1, Mar. 2018, pp. 171-178. [cited by applicant]
Kizhakkel, V., “Pulsed Radar Target Recognition Based on Micro-Doppler Signatures Using Wavelet Analysis”, A Thesis, Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ohio State University, Jan. 2013-May 2013, 11… [cited by applicant]
Kuehnke, Lutz, “Phased Array Calibration Procedures Based on Measured Element Patterns,” 2001 Eleventh International Conference on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Conf., Publ. No. 480, Apr. 17-20, 2001, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Li, Changzhi et al., “A Review on Recent Advances in Doppler Radar Sensors for Noncontact Healthcare Monitoring”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 61, No. 5, May 2013, pp. 2046-2060. [cited by applicant]
Li, Changzhi et al., “A Review on Recent Progress of Portable Short-Range Noncontact Microwave Radar Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 65, No. 5, May 2017, pp. 1692-1706. [cited by applicant]
Li, Changzhi et al., “Random Body Movement Cancellation in Doppler Radar Vital Sign Detection”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 56, No. 12, Dec. 2008, pp. 3143-3152. [cited by applicant]
Li, Changzhi et al., “Robust Overnight Monitoring of Human Vital Signs by a Non-contact Respiration and Heartbeat Detector”, IEEE Proceedings of the 28th EMBS Annual International Conference, FrA05.5, Aug. 30-Sep. 3, 20… [cited by applicant]
Li, Changzhi “Vital-sign monitoring on the go”, Sensors news and views, www.nature.com/naturelectronics, Nature Electronics, vol. 2, Jun. 2019, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
Lim, Soo-Chul et al., “Expansion of Smartwatch Touch Interface from Touchscreen to Around Device Interface Using Infrared Line Image Sensors,” Sensors 2015, ISSN 1424-8220, vol. 15, 16642-16653, doi:10.3390/s150716642, … [cited by applicant]
Lin, Jau-Jr et al., “Design of an FMCW radar baseband signal processing system for automotive application,” SpringerPlus a SpringerOpen Journal, (2016) 5:42, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, DOI 10.1186/$400… [cited by applicant]
Massagram, Wansuree et al., “Assessment of Heart Rate Variability and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia via Doppler Radar”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 57, No. 10, Oct. 2009, pp. 2542-2549. [cited by applicant]
Mercuri, Marco et al., “Vital-sign monitoring and spatial tracking of multiple people using a contactless radar-based sensor”, Nature Electronics, vol. 2, Articles, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-019-0258-6, Jun. 2019, … [cited by applicant]
Microwave Journal Frequency Matters, “Single-Chip 24 GHz Radar Front End,” Infineon Technologies AG, www.microwavejournal.com/articles/print/21553-single-chip-24-ghz-radar-front-end, Feb. 13, 2014, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
Mostov, K., et al., “Medical applications of shortwave FM radar: Remote monitoring of cardiac and respiratory motion”, Am. Assoc. Phys. Med., 37(3), Mar. 2010, pp. 1332-1338. [cited by applicant]
Oguntala, G et al., “Indoor location identification technologies for real-time loT-based applications: an inclusive survey”, Elsevier Inc., http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16634, Oct. 2018, 21 pages. [cited by applicant]
Peng, Zhengyu et al., “A Portable FMCW Interferometry Radar with Programmable Low-IF Architecture for Localization, ISAR Imaging, and Vial Sign Tracking”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Dec. 15, 2… [cited by applicant]
Qadir, Shahida G., et al., “Focused ISAR Imaging of Rotating Target in Far-Field Compact Range Anechoic Chamber,” 14th International Conference on Aerospace Sciences & Aviation Technology, ASAT-14-241-IP, May 24-26, 201… [cited by applicant]
Richards, Mark A., “Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing,” McGraw Hill Electronic Engineering, ISBN: 0-07-144474-2, Jun. 2005, 93 pages. [cited by applicant]
Sakamoto, Takuya et al., “Feature-Based Correlation and Topological Similarity for Interbeat Interval Estimation Using Ultrawideband Radar”, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 63, No. 4, Apr. 2016, pp. 74… [cited by applicant]
Santra, Avik et al., “Short-range multi-mode continuous-wave radar for vital sign measurement and imaging”, ResearchGate, Conference Paper, Apr. 2018, 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
Schroff, Florian et al., “FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clustering,” CVF, CVPR2015, IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition; Mar. 12, 2015, pp. 815-823. [cited by applicant]
Simon, W., et al., “Highly Integrated KA-Band Tx Frontend Module Including 8x8 Antenna Array,” IMST GmbH, Germany, Asia Pacific Microwave Conference, Dec. 7-10, 2009, 63 pages. [cited by applicant]
Singh, Aditya et al., “Data-Based Quadrature Imbalance Compensation for a CW Doppler Radar System”, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258793573, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Apr. 2013, 7 … [cited by applicant]
Suleymanov, Suleyman, “Design and Implementation of an FMCW Radar Signal Processing Module for Automotive Applications,” Master Thesis, University of Twente, Aug. 31, 2016, 64 pages. [cited by applicant]
Thayaparan, T. et al., “Micro-Doppler Radar Signatures for Intelligent Target Recognition,” Defence Research and Development Canada, Technical Memorandum, DRDC Ottawa TM 2004-170, Sep. 2004, 73 pages. [cited by applicant]
Thayaparan, T et al., “Intelligent target recognition using micro-Doppler radar signatures,” Defence R&D Canada, Radar Sensor Technology III, Proc. of SPIE, vol. 7308, 730817, Dec. 9, 2009, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Tu, Jianxuan et al., “Fast Acquisition of Heart Rate in Noncontact Vital Sign Radar Measurement Using Time-Window-Variation Technique”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 65, No. 1, Jan. 2016, pp… [cited by applicant]
Vinci, Gabor et al., “Microwave Interferometer Radar-Based Vital Sign Detection for Driver Monitoring Systems”, IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility, Apr. 27-29, 2015, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Vinci, Gabor et al., “Six-Port Radar Sensor for Remote Respiration Rate and Heartbeat Vital-Sign Monitoring”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 61, No. 5, May 2013, pp. 2093-2100. [cited by applicant]
Wang, Fu-Kang et al., “Wrist Pulse Rate Monitor Using Self-Injection-Locked Radar Technology”, Biosensors, MDPI, Oct. 26, 2016, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Wilder, Carol N., et al., “Respiratory patterns in infant cry,” Canada Journal of Speech, Human Communication Winter, 1974-75, http://cjslpa.ca/files/1974_HumComm_Vol_01/No_03_2-60/Wilder_Baken_HumComm_1974.pdf, 1974, p… [cited by applicant]