Thermal management of electrical energy storage pack of a vehicle
Techniques involve utilizing a ducting system for an electric vehicle. The ducting system includes a motor housing constructed and arranged to house at least a portion of an electric propulsion motor of the electric vehicle. The ducting system further includes a storage pack housing coupled with the motor housing, the storage pack housing being constructed and arranged to house at least a portion of an electrical energy storage pack that supplies electric power to the electric propulsion motor. The ducting system further includes a fluid control assembly constructed and arranged to control fluid flow between the motor housing and the storage pack housing.
1. An electric vehicle, comprising:
an electric propulsion motor constructed and arranged to provide vehicle propulsion using electric power;
an electrical energy storage pack constructed and arranged to supply electric power to the electric propulsion motor; and
a ducting system coupled with the electric propulsion motor and the electrical energy storage pack, the ducting system including:
a motor housing constructed and arranged to house at least a portion of the electric propulsion motor,
a storage pack housing coupled with the motor housing, the storage pack housing being constructed and arranged to house at least a portion of the electrical energy storage pack,
a fluid control assembly constructed and arranged to control fluid flow between the motor housing and the storage pack housing, and
a forward-facing intake vent constructed and arranged to channel air that is initially outside the vehicle into the motor housing as the vehicle moves forward.
2. The electric vehicle of claim 1 wherein the motor housing and the storage pack housing of the ducting system form at least a portion of a plenum extending from the electric propulsion motor to the electrical energy storage pack; and
wherein the fluid control assembly of the ducting system includes a set of doors disposed along the plenum.
3. The electric vehicle of claim 2 wherein the fluid control assembly further includes:
a set of controllers coupled with the set of doors, the set of controllers being constructed and arranged to operate the set of doors.
4. The electric vehicle of claim 3 wherein the set of controllers includes:
a central controller constructed and arranged to transition at least some of the set of doors between open and closed positions in response to sensed temperature within the plenum.
5. The electric vehicle of claim 3 wherein the set of controllers includes:
door-specific controllers constructed and arranged to transition respective doors of the set of doors between open and closed positions in response to sensed temperature within the plenum.
6. The electric vehicle of claim 1 wherein the set of doors includes:
an intake door coupled with the forward-facing intake vent, the intake door being constructed and arranged to control airflow through the forward-facing intake vent; and
wherein the set of controllers includes:
a controller constructed and arranged to operate the intake door in response to sensed temperature within a motor space defined by the motor housing.
7. The electric vehicle of claim 3 wherein the set of doors includes:
an intermediate door disposed along the plenum between the motor housing and the storage pack housing, the intermediate door being constructed and arranged to control airflow between a motor space defined by the motor housing and a storage pack space defined by the storage pack housing.
8. The electric vehicle of claim 7 wherein the set of controllers includes:
a controller constructed and arranged to operate the intermediate door in response to sensed temperature within the storage pack housing.
9. The electric vehicle of claim 3 wherein the set of doors includes:
a motor vent door coupled with the motor housing, the motor vent door being constructed and arranged to exhaust airflow from a motor space defined by the motor housing.
10. The electric vehicle of claim 9 wherein the set of controllers includes:
a controller constructed and arranged to operate the motor vent door in response to sensed temperature within the motor housing.
11. The electric vehicle of claim 3 wherein the set of doors includes:
a storage pack vent door coupled with the storage pack housing, the storage pack vent door being constructed and arranged to allow air to escape from a storage pack space defined by the storage pack housing.
12. The electric vehicle of claim 11 wherein the set of controllers includes:
a controller constructed and arranged to operate the storage pack vent door in response to sensed temperature within the storage pack housing.
13. The electric vehicle of claim 2 , further comprising:
removable thermal insulation sections constructed and arranged to install along at least a portion of the plenum to minimize heat loss along the plenum when the removable thermal insulation sections are installed.
14. The electric vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising:
heating equipment disposed within the storage pack housing, the heating equipment being constructed and arranged to maintain a temperature of the electrical energy storage pack above a predefined low temperature threshold and below a predefined high temperature threshold.
15. The electric vehicle of claim 14 wherein the electrical energy storage pack includes battery units; and
wherein the heating equipment includes:
zone elements coupled with respective battery units of the electrical energy storage pack, and
control circuitry that individually operates the zone elements to maintain temperature uniformity among the battery units.
16. The electric vehicle of claim 14 wherein the heating equipment is constructed and arranged to draw electrical power from the electrical energy storage pack when the electrical energy storage pack is being recharged from an external power supply;
wherein the heating equipment is constructed and arranged to draw electrical power from the electrical energy storage pack when the electrical energy storage pack is not being recharged from an external power supply and the electrical energy storage pack has a state of charge that exceeds a predefined threshold; and
wherein the heating equipment is constructed and arranged to draw electrical power from an auxiliary electrical port when electrical power is available from the auxiliary electrical port.
17. The electric vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising:
an umbilical port constructed and arranged to electrically connect with a donor vehicle; and
tethering control circuitry coupled with the umbilical port, the tethering control circuitry being constructed and arranged to electrically disconnect the electrical energy storage pack from the electric propulsion motor when the electrical port electrically connects with the donor vehicle and the donor vehicle provides electric power to the electric propulsion motor through the umbilical port.
18. The electric vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising:
an electric snowmobile drive track coupled with the motor enabling the electric vehicle to operate over terrain as an electric snowmobile.
19. The electric vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the ducting system further includes (i) a first exhaust vent disposed on the motor housing, the first exhaust vent being constructed and arranged to channel exhaust air from inside the motor housing to outside the vehicle and (ii) a second exhaust vent disposed between the motor housing and the storage pack housing, the second exhaust vent being constructed and arranged to channel exhaust air from inside the motor housing into the storage pack housing.
20. The electric vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising:
a straddle seat disposed above at least a portion of the storage pack housing; and
wherein the ducting system further includes an exhaust vent positioned beneath the straddle seat, the exhaust vent being constructed and arranged to channel exhaust air from the storage pack housing to the straddle seat to provide thermal convection with the straddle seat.
21. The electric vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one ground-engaging member coupled with the electric propulsion motor, the at least one ground-engaging member being constructed and arranged to move the electric vehicle in response to drive from the electric propulsion motor and to provide forced induction of air into the forward-facing intake vent as the electric vehicle moves forward.
22. A method of operating an electric vehicle, the method comprising:
storing charge in an electrical energy storage pack of the electric vehicle;
supplying charge from the electrical energy storage pack to an electric propulsion motor that provides vehicle propulsion; and
providing fluid flow from the electric propulsion motor to the electrical energy storage pack to allow waste heat from the electric propulsion motor to warm the electrical energy storage pack;
wherein the electric vehicle includes a ducting system coupled with the electric propulsion motor and the electrical energy storage pack, the ducting system including:
a forward-facing intake vent constructed and arranged to channel air that is initially outside the vehicle into the motor housing as the vehicle moves forward.