Detection and isolation of faulty holdup capacitors using hardware circuit in data storage devices
Disclosed are systems and methods detecting and isolating faulty hold-up capacitors and performing corrective actions for a data storage device. A hardware circuit is coupled to a micro-controller and non-volatile memory dies. The method includes, at the hardware circuit: providing a back-up power for the non-volatile memory dies and the micro-controller; and detecting whether a hold-up capacitor of the hardware circuit is faulty and isolating the hold-up capacitor in accordance with a detection that the hold-up capacitor is faulty. The method also includes, at the micro-controller: obtaining a status of an interface coupled to the hardware circuit; determining a status of the hardware circuit based on the status of the interface; and performing a corrective action for the data storage device in accordance with a determination that the status of hardware circuit corresponds to one or more faulty hold-up capacitors.
1. A data storage device, comprising:
non-volatile memory configured to store data;
a hardware circuit coupled to a controller and configured to provide a back-up power for the non-volatile memory and the controller, the hardware circuit comprising a plurality of circuit components, each of the plurality of circuit components comprising:
a hold-up capacitor; and
a detect and isolation circuit configured to detect whether the hold-up capacitor is faulty and configured to isolate the hold-up capacitor when the hold-up capacitor is faulty; and
the controller configured to cause controlling the non-volatile memory and communicating with a host, the controller configured to:
obtain a status of an interface coupled to the plurality of circuit components;
determine a status of the plurality of circuit components based on the status of the interface; and
in accordance with a determination that the status of the plurality of circuit components corresponds to one or more faulty hold-up capacitors, perform a corrective action for the data storage device.
2. The data storage device of claim 1 , wherein the detect and isolation circuit is configured to detect that the hold-up capacitor is faulty and isolate the faulty hold-up capacitor, without receiving any commands from the host or the controller for detecting or isolating the faulty hold-up capacitor.
3. The data storage device of claim 1 , wherein:
the detect and isolation circuit comprises:
a sensing circuit configured to detect whether the hold-up capacitor is faulty and to produce an output based on detecting whether the hold-up capacitor is faulty;
a comparator circuit coupled to the sensing circuit and configured to receive the output of the sensing circuit, to compare the output of the sensing circuit to a trigger threshold value, and to produce an output of the comparator circuit based on comparing the output of the sensing circuit to the trigger threshold value; and
a switch circuit coupled to the comparator circuit and the hold-up capacitor and configured to be turned on or off based on the output of the comparator circuit.
4. The data storage device of claim 3 , wherein when a short-circuit fault develops in the hold-up capacitor, the sensing circuit is configured to detect that the hold-up capacitor is faulty.
5. The data storage device of claim 3 , wherein:
the sensing circuit comprises a current sensing component;
the current sensing component is connected to the hold-up capacitor in series; and
when a short-circuit fault develops in the hold-up capacitor, a current that flows through the current sensing component is greater than a threshold current value, this current causes the output of the sensing circuit to be greater than the trigger threshold value, the output of the sensing circuit causes the output of the comparator circuit to turn off the switch circuit, and the turned-off switch circuit causes the hold-up capacitor to be isolated.
6. The data storage device of claim 3 , wherein:
the switch circuit is coupled between the hold-up capacitor and a first power supply node;
when the output of the sensing circuit is greater than the trigger threshold value, the output of the comparator circuit causes the switch circuit to be turned off; and
when the switch circuit is turned off, the hold-up capacitor is disconnected from the first power supply node.
7. The data storage device of claim 3 , wherein:
the switch circuit is coupled between the hold-up capacitor and a first power supply node;
when the output of the sensing circuit is less than the trigger threshold value, the output of the comparator circuit causes the switch circuit to remain turned on; and
when the switch circuit remains turned on, the hold-up capacitor is not isolated, and the hold-up capacitor is coupled to the first power supply node through the switch circuit.
8. The data storage device of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of circuit components are connected in parallel; and
the hold-up capacitors of the plurality of circuit components are connected in parallel.
9. The data storage device of claim 1 , wherein the detect and isolation circuit comprises:
a current sensing circuit coupled to the hold-up capacitor;
a voltage comparator circuit coupled to the current sensing circuit; and
a switch circuit connected to the voltage comparator circuit and the hold-up capacitor.
10. The data storage device of claim 9 , wherein:
when the hold-up capacitor is not faulty, an output of the current sensing circuit is less than a trigger threshold value of the voltage comparator circuit, causing an output of the voltage comparator circuit to allow the switch circuit to remain in an on position; and
when a short-circuit fault develops in the hold-up capacitor, a current that flows through the current sensing circuit is greater than a threshold current value, causing the output of the current sensing circuit to be greater than the trigger threshold value of the voltage comparator circuit, causing the output of voltage comparator circuit to enable the switch circuit to turn off, and causing the hold-up capacitor to be isolated.
11. The data storage device of claim 9 , wherein:
the current sensing circuit comprises a current sensing resistor and a current sensor;
a first end of the current sensing resistor is connected to the hold-up capacitor in series;
a second end of the current sensing resistor is connected to a second power supply node; and
the current sensor is connected to the current sensing resistor in parallel, wherein a first node of the current sensor is coupled to the first end of the current sensing resistor, and a second node of the current sensor is coupled to the second end of the current sensing resistor.
12. The data storage device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a host interface for coupling the data storage device to the host, wherein the controller configured to perform the corrective action comprises the controller configured to communicate, using the host interface, the status of the plurality of circuit components to the host.
13. The data storage device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a digital I/O expander connected between the plurality of circuit components and the controller, wherein the digital I/O expander is configured to generate an interrupt to the controller when a status of one of the plurality of circuit components changes, wherein the controller is configured to check status of an interface between the digital I/O expander and the controller to determine which of the hold-up capacitors are faulty.
14. The data storage device of claim 13 , wherein:
the interface comprises I/O nodes;
the controller is configured to store statuses of the hold-up capacitors and compare statuses of the I/O nodes to the stored statuses;
each of the statuses of the hold-up capacitors corresponds to a respective one of the hold-up capacitors; and
each of the statuses of the I/O nodes corresponds to a respective one of the I/O nodes.
15. The data storage device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of circuit components is configured to have a number of hold-up capacitors based on at least one of a capacity of the data storage device and a type of the data storage device.
16. The data storage device of claim 1 , wherein the corrective action comprises ceasing to receive write commands but continuing to receive read commands from the host.
17. A method for detecting and isolating faulty hold-up capacitors in a data storage device, the method comprising:
at a hardware circuit coupled to a controller and non-volatile memory:
providing a back-up power for the non-volatile memory and the controller; and
detecting whether a hold-up capacitor of the hardware circuit is faulty and isolating the hold-up capacitor if the hold-up capacitor is faulty; and
at the controller:
obtaining a status of an interface coupled to the hardware circuit;
determining a status of the hardware circuit based on the status of the interface; and
performing a corrective action for the data storage device in accordance with a determination that the status of the hardware circuit corresponds to one or more faulty hold-up capacitors.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the hardware circuit detects that the hold-up capacitor is faulty and isolates the faulty hold-up capacitor, without receiving any commands from the controller or a host coupled to the data storage device.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the corrective action comprises ceasing to receive write commands but continuing to receive read commands from a host coupled to the data storage device.
20. A system, comprising:
a hardware circuit;
a first means for providing a back-up power for non-volatile memory and for detecting and isolating a faulty hold-up capacitor;
a second means for obtaining a status of an interface coupled to the first means;
a third means for determining a status of the first means based on the status of the interface; and
a fourth means for performing a corrective action in accordance with a determination that the status of the first means corresponds to one or more faulty hold-up capacitors.