Smart cards with metal layer(s) and methods of manufacture
Smartcards with metal layers manufactured according to various techniques disclosed herein. One or more metal layers of a smartcard stackup may be provided with slits overlapping at least a portion of a module antenna in an associated transponder chip module disposed in the smartcard so that the metal layer functions as a coupling frame. One or more metal layers may be pre-laminated with plastic layers to form a metal core or clad subassembly for a smartcard, and outer printed and/or overlay plastic layers may be laminated to the front and/or back of the metal core. Front and back overlays may be provided. Various constructions of and manufacturing techniques (including temperature, time, and pressure regimes for laminating) for smartcards are disclosed herein.
1. A smartcard, comprising:
a first metal layer including an outwardly-facing face, an inwardly-facing face, and a slit extending through a thickness of the first metal layer and extending from an outer edge to a module opening configured to receive a module;
a second metal layer including an outwardly-facing face, an inwardly-facing face, and a slit extending through a thickness of the second metal layer;
a dielectric layer interposed between the inwardly-facing face of the first metal layer and the inwardly-facing face of the second metal layer; and
a print primer layer applied to at least one of the outwardly-facing face of the first metal layer or the outwardly-facing face of the second metal layer, wherein the print primer layer comprises a material to facilitate printing of graphics.
2. The smartcard of claim 1 , further comprising a second print primer layer applied to at least one of the outwardly-facing face of the first metal layer or the outwardly-facing face of the second metal layer.
3. The smartcard of claim 1 , wherein the slit in the first metal layer and the slit in the second metal layer are oriented in different directions.
4. The smartcard of claim 3 , wherein the slit in the first metal layer and the slit in the second metal layer are perpendicular to each other.
5. The smartcard of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the slit in the first metal layer or the slit in the second metal layer are non-linear.
6. The smartcard of claim 1 , further comprising a module including a chip at least partially positioned within the module opening.
7. The smartcard of claim 6 , wherein the second metal layer includes a module opening, wherein the slit of the second metal layer extends from an outer edge of the second metal layer to the module opening, and wherein the module is positioned at least partially within the module opening of the first metal layer and within the module opening of the second metal layer.
8. The smartcard of claim 6 , wherein the slit of the second metal layer extends at least partially underneath the module.
9. The smartcard of claim 6 , wherein the module further includes a plurality of contact pads configured to interface with a contact reader external to the smartcard.
10. A smartcard, comprising:
a first metal layer including an outwardly-facing face, an inwardly-facing face, and a slit extending through a thickness of the first metal layer and extending from an outer edge of a module opening;
a second metal layer including an outwardly-facing face, an inwardly-facing face, and a slit extending through a thickness of the second metal layer and extending from an outer edge to an interior region;
a third metal layer including an outwardly-facing face and an inwardly-facing face, and a slit extending through a thickness through the third metal layer;
a first dielectric layer interposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer;
a second dielectric layer interposed between the second metal layer and the third metal layer and
a print primer layer applied to at least one of the outwardly-facing face of the first metal layer or the outwardly-facing face of the third metal layer, wherein the print primer layer comprises a material to facilitate printing of graphics.
11. The smartcard of claim 10 , further comprising a second print primer layer applied to at least one of the outwardly-facing face of the first metal layer or the outwardly-facing face of the third metal layer.
12. The smartcard of claim 10 , wherein the slit in the first metal layer, the slit in the second metal layer, and the slit in the third layer are oriented in different directions.
13. The smartcard of claim 12 , wherein the slit in the first metal layer and the slit in the second metal layer are perpendicular to each other.
14. The smartcard of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the slit in the first metal layer, the slit in the second metal layer, or the slit in the third metal layer is non-linear.
15. The smartcard of claim 10 , wherein the outwardly-facing surface of the first metal layer and the outwardly-facing face of the third metal layer are coated using pulsed vapor deposition.
16. The smartcard of claim 10 , wherein the interior region of the second metal layer is a module opening, and further comprising a module including a chip at least partially positioned within the module opening of the first metal layer and the module opening of the second metal layer.
17. The smartcard of claim 16 , wherein the slit of the third metal layer extends at least partially underneath the module.
18. The smartcard of claim 16 , wherein the module further includes a plurality of contact pads configured to interface with a contact reader external to the smartcard.
19. A method for forming a plurality of smartcards from a sheet assembly, wherein the sheet assembly includes a plurality of smartcard footprints having an outer perimeter, comprising:
laminating a first metal sheet with a second metal sheet to form a lamination, wherein an adhesive layer is interposed between the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet, wherein the first metal sheet includes a plurality of slits extending to a corresponding plurality of the outer perimeters of the smartcard footprints, and wherein the second metal sheet includes a plurality of slits extending to a corresponding plurality of the outer perimeters of the smartcard footprints;
applying at least one print primer layer to at least one of an outwardly-facing layer of the first metal sheet or an outwardly-facing layer of the second metal sheet, wherein the at least one print primer layer comprises a material to facilitate printing of graphics;
printing graphics on the at least one print primer layer;
forming a plurality of module openings in the first metal sheet in a corresponding plurality of smartcard footprints, wherein the plurality of slits in the first metal sheet extend to a corresponding plurality of the module openings;
placing a plurality of modules at least partially in a corresponding plurality of the module openings; and
cutting the lamination into a plurality of smartcards corresponding to the plurality of smartcard footprints.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein said applying at least one print primer layer further comprises applying a first print primer layer to the outwardly-facing face of the first metal sheet and applying a second print primer layer to the outwardly-facing face of the second metal sheet.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein said laminating is performed before said applying the at least one print primer layer.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein said laminating further comprises laminating a third metal sheet with the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet.