Doped polar layers and semiconductor device incorporating same
The disclosed technology generally relates to ferroelectric materials and semiconductor devices, and more particularly to semiconductor memory devices incorporating doped polar materials. In one aspect, a semiconductor device comprises a capacitor which in turn comprises a polar layer comprising a base polar material doped with a dopant. The base polar material includes one or more metal elements and one or both of oxygen or nitrogen. The dopant comprises a metal element that is different from the one or more metal elements and is present at a concentration such that a ferroelectric switching voltage of the capacitor is different from that of the capacitor having the base polar material without being doped with the dopant by more than about 100 mV. The capacitor stack additionally comprises first and second crystalline conductive oxide electrodes on opposing sides of the polar layer. The capacitor stack further comprises first and second barrier metal layers on respective ones of the first and second crystalline conductive oxide electrodes on opposing sides of the polar layer.
1. An integrated circuit device, comprising:
a capacitor comprising a ferroelectric oxide between first and second electrodes; and
the ferroelectric oxide having a perovskite crystal structure, wherein a lattice of the perovskite crystal structure comprises:
corner sites interchangeably occupied by one or more base corner elements and one or more dopant corner elements, and
center sites interchangeably occupied by one or more base center elements and one or more dopant center elements,
wherein upon application of a bias between the first and second electrodes, the capacitor exhibits a lower leakage current relative to a reference capacitor that is arranged to be the same as the capacitor except for the presence of the dopant center elements and placed under the same bias.
2. The integrated circuit device of claim 1 , wherein the base corner elements and the dopant corner elements have the same oxidation state.
3. The integrated circuit device of claim 1 , wherein the dopant center elements comprise one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn.
4. The integrated circuit device of claim 3 , wherein the base corner elements comprise one or both of Ba and Bi.
5. The integrated circuit device of claim 4 , wherein the dopant corner elements are selected from one of 4d series, 5d series, 4f series and 5f series that is different from the one or more base corner elements.
6. The integrated circuit device of claim 5 , wherein the dopant corner elements comprise a lanthanide element.
7. The integrated circuit device of claim 1 , wherein the ferroelectric oxide has a chemical formula represented by A (m-x) A′ x B (n-y) B′ y O z , wherein A represents the base corner elements, A′ represents the dopant corner elements, B represents the base center elements and B′ represents the dopant center elements, wherein m, n and z are integers, and wherein both of x and y are greater than zero.
8. The integrated circuit device of claim 7 , wherein A comprises Bi.
9. The integrated circuit device of claim 7 , wherein A′ comprises La.
10. The integrated circuit device of claim 7 , wherein B comprises Fe.
11. The integrated circuit device of claim 7 , wherein B′ comprises Mn.
12. An integrated circuit device, comprising:
a capacitor comprising a ferroelectric oxide between first and second electrodes; and
the ferroelectric oxide having a perovskite crystal structure, wherein a lattice of the perovskite crystal structure comprises:
corner sites interchangeably occupied by one or more base corner elements and one or more dopant corner elements, wherein the base corner elements comprise one or both of Ba and Bi, and
center sites interchangeably occupied by one or more base center elements and one or more dopant center elements.
13. The integrated circuit device of claim 12 , wherein the base corner elements and the dopant corner elements have the same oxidation state.
14. The integrated circuit device of claim 12 , wherein the dopant center elements comprise one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn.
15. The integrated circuit device of claim 14 , wherein the ferroelectric oxide comprises a base ferroelectric oxide doped with the dopant corner elements and the dopant center elements, wherein the base ferroelectric oxide comprises one or both of BiFeO 3 and BaTiO 3 .
16. The integrated circuit device of claim 15 , wherein the dopant corner elements comprise a lanthanide element.
17. The integrated circuit device of claim 12 , wherein the first and second electrodes are respectively first and second crystalline conductive oxide electrodes.
18. The integrated circuit device of claim 17 , further comprising first and second barrier metal layers on respective ones of the first and second crystalline conductive oxide electrodes.
19. An integrated circuit device, comprising:
a capacitor comprising a ferroelectric oxide between first and second electrodes; and
the ferroelectric oxide having a perovskite crystal structure, wherein a lattice of the perovskite crystal structure comprises:
corner sites interchangeably occupied by one or more base corner elements and one or more dopant corner elements, and
center sites interchangeably occupied by one or more base center elements and one or more dopant center elements, wherein the dopant center elements comprise one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn.
20. The integrated circuit device of claim 19 , wherein the base corner elements comprise one or both of Ba and Bi.
21. The integrated circuit device of claim 20 , wherein the ferroelectric oxide comprises a base ferroelectric oxide doped with the dopant corner elements and the dopant center elements, wherein the base ferroelectric oxide comprises one or both of BiFeO 3 and BaTiO 3 .
22. The integrated circuit device of claim 20 , wherein the dopant corner elements comprise a metal element of one of 4d series, 5d series, 4f series or 5f series that is different from the base corner elements.
23. The integrated circuit device of claim 22 , wherein the dopant corner elements comprise a lanthanide element.
24. The integrated circuit device of claim 22 , wherein the ferroelectric oxide has a chemical formula represented by A (m-x) A′ x B (n-y) B′yO 3 , wherein:
A is Ba or Bi;
A′ is a metal element of one of 4d series, 5d series, 4f series or 5f series;
B is Fe when the A is Bi and Ti when the A is Ba; and
B′ is the one or more selected from the group consisting of Mn, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, wherein m and n are integers, and wherein one or both of x and y are greater than zero.