Granted Patent B2

US 12,636,611 · App. 18/089,423 · Granted May 26, 2026

Inventors: Sharon Sjostrom (Sedalia, CO); Connie Senior (Littleton, CO); Jonathan Lagarenne (Littleton, CO); Kenneth E. Baldrey (Denver, CO); Ramon Bisque (Golden, CO); Michael D. Durham (Castle Rock, CO); Nina Bergan French (Napa, CA)

Assignee: ARQ Solutions (ES), INC.

B01D53/64B01D46/00B01D53/78C10L10/00F23J7/00F23J15/02B01D53/50B01D53/8625B01D2251/108B01D2253/10B01D2257/602B01D2258/0283F23J2215/30F23J2215/60

Abstract

Claims (54)

1 . A gas composition, comprising:

coal particles comprising iodine, a bromide salt, and mercury;

vapor phase iodine;

vapor phase bromine; and

speciated mercury comprising oxidized mercury and elemental mercury,

wherein the vapor phase iodine comprises both a hydrogen iodine species and diatomic iodine, wherein a molecular ratio of diatomic iodine to the hydrogen iodine species is at least about 25:1, and wherein one or more of the following is true:

(i) the gas composition comprises about 3.5 ppmw or less of the iodine;

(ii) the gas composition comprises a molar ratio of the iodine to the speciated mercury of less than about 80; and

(iii) at an air preheater outlet, a concentration of the iodine ranges from about 0.15 to about 2 ppmw.

2 . The gas composition of claim 1 , wherein the vapor phase iodine, vapor phase bromine, and speciated mercury are in the vapor phase based at least in part on combusting the coal particles, the coal particles comprising iodine, the bromine salt, and mercury in a solid or liquid form.

3 . The gas composition of claim 2 , wherein (i) is true, wherein the coal particles comprise from about 0.003 to about 10 ppmw mercury and no more than about 5 ppmw iodine, wherein the iodine is added to the coal particles and is selected for addition to the coal particles from the group consisting of an alkali iodide, an alkaline earth iodide, diatomic iodine, and combinations thereof and wherein the bromine salt is selected from the group consisting essentially of sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc or potassium bromide, calcium, sodium or potassium bromate, and mixtures thereof and wherein the coal particles further comprise chlorine.

4 . The gas composition of claim 1 , wherein the iodine in the coal particles is in the form of an iodide salt, the iodide salt comprising sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc or potassium iodide, calcium, sodium or potassium iodate, and mixtures thereof.

5 . The gas composition of claim 1 , wherein each of the vapor phase iodine and bromine is in the form of a diatomic elemental halogen and wherein a concentration of the speciated mercury in the gas composition is at least about 0.001 ppmw.

6 . The gas composition of claim 1 , wherein the coal particles further comprise a metal oxide and wherein the concentration of the iodine is about 1.5 ppmw or less.

7 . The gas composition of claim 1 , wherein the gas composition ranges from about 150 to about 600° C. and wherein a concentration of the vapor phase iodine and/or bromine ranges from about 0.1 to about 8 ppmw.

8 . The gas composition of claim 1 , further comprising:

one or more mercury active agents other than the vapor phase iodine and bromine, the one or more mercury active agents comprising one or more of a metal oxide and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system.

9 . The gas composition of claim 1 , wherein the gas composition is in contact with a catalytic surface of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system.

10 . The gas composition of claim 1 , further comprising:

sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, unburned carbon, particulates, or combination thereof, the particulates comprising fly ash, unburned carbon, soot and fine process solids, or combinations thereof entrained in the gas composition.

11 . The gas composition of claim 1 , wherein (iii) is true, wherein the coal particles comprise chlorine, sulfur, and combinations thereof, and further comprising at least one of sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide gas, wherein a concentration of the at least one of sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide gas in the gas composition is at least about 10 ppmv.

12 . The gas composition of claim 1 , wherein (ii) is true, wherein the coal particles comprise from about 0.003 to about 10 ppmw mercury and no more than about 3 ppmw iodine, and further comprising:

iodine-mercury compounds, bromine-mercury compounds, sulfur-mercury compounds, and combinations thereof.

13 . The gas composition of claim 1 , wherein (iii) is true, wherein the gas composition ranges from about 150 to about 600° C., wherein the coal particles natively comprises no more than about 4 ppmw iodine, and wherein one or both of the following is true:

(i) a concentration of the vapor phase mercury in the gas composition is at least about 0.001 ppmw; and

(ii) a concentration of the vapor phase iodine is about 1.5 ppmw or less.

14 . A gas composition, comprising:

coal particles comprising iodine, bromide salt, and mercury;

diatomic iodine in the vapor phase;

diatomic bromine in the vapor phase;

oxidized mercury converted from an elemental form to an oxidized form at least in part by the iodine;

a hydrogen iodine species, wherein a molecular ratio of diatomic iodine to the hydrogen iodine species is at least about 25:1; and

elemental mercury,

wherein one or more of the following is true:

(i) the gas composition comprises about 3.5 ppmw or less of the iodine;

(ii) the gas composition comprises a molar ratio of the iodine to the oxidized mercury, the elemental mercury, or both of less than about 80; and

(iii) at an air preheater outlet, a concentration of the iodine ranges from about 0.15 to about 2 ppmw.

15 . The gas composition of claim 14 , wherein (i) is true, wherein the coal particles comprise from about 0.003 to about 10 ppmw mercury and no more than about 5 ppmw iodine, wherein the diatomic iodine and bromine are derived from oxidation of the iodine and bromide salt in the coal particles and wherein the diatomic iodine and bromine are in the vapor phase based at least in part on combusting the coal particles, the coal particles comprising iodine, the bromine salt, and mercury in a solid or liquid form.

16 . The gas composition of claim 15 , wherein (ii) is true, wherein the iodine is added to the coal particles and is selected for addition to the coal particles from the group consisting of an alkali iodide, an alkaline earth iodide, diatomic iodine, or combinations thereof and wherein the bromine salt is selected from the group consisting essentially of sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc or potassium bromide, calcium, sodium or potassium bromate, and mixtures thereof and wherein the coal particles further comprise chlorine.

17 . The gas composition of claim 14 , wherein (iii) is true, wherein a temperature of the gas composition ranges from about 150 to about 600° C., wherein the iodine in the coal particles is in the form of an iodide salt, the iodide salt comprising sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc or potassium iodide, calcium, sodium or potassium iodate, and mixtures thereof and further comprising:

sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, unburned carbon, particulates, or combination thereof, the particulates comprising fly ash, unburned carbon, soot and fine process solids, or combinations thereof entrained in the gas composition.

18 . A gas composition, comprising:

coal particles comprising native iodine, a bromide salt, and mercury;

vapor phase iodine and bromine derived from combustion of the coal particles; and

vapor phase mercury formed by combusting the coal particles, wherein the vapor phase iodine comprises both a hydrogen iodine species and diatomic iodine and wherein a molecular ratio of diatomic iodine to the hydrogen iodine species is at least about 25:1, and

wherein one or more of the following is true:

(i) the gas composition comprises about 3.5 ppmw or less of the vapor phase iodine;

(ii) the gas composition comprises a molar ratio of the vapor phase iodine to the vapor phase mercury of less than about 80; and

(iii) at an air preheater outlet, a concentration of the vapor phase iodine ranges from about 0.15 to about 2 ppmw.

19 . The gas composition of claim 18 , wherein (i) is true, wherein the vapor phase iodine, vapor phase bromine, and speciated mercury are in the vapor phase based at least in part on combusting the coal particles, the coal particles comprising iodine, the bromine salt, and mercury in a solid or liquid form and wherein the vapor phase mercury comprises:

oxidized mercury converted from an elemental form to an oxidized form by the iodine; and

elemental mercury.

20 . The gas composition of claim 18 , wherein (ii) is true, wherein the coal particles comprise from about 0.003 to about 10 ppmw mercury and no more than about 5 ppmw iodine, wherein the vapor phase iodine and bromine are in the form of diatomic halogens, wherein the vapor phase iodine comprises both a hydrogen iodine species and diatomic iodine, wherein a molecular ratio of diatomic iodine to the hydrogen iodine species is at least about 25:1, and further comprising:

sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, unburned carbon, particulates, or combination thereof, the particulates comprising fly ash, unburned carbon, soot and fine process solids, or combinations thereof entrained in the gas composition.

Assignments (3)

Continuity (22)

References Cited (400)