Optical dielectric planar waveguide process
A method for depositing silicon oxynitride film structures is provided that is used to form planar waveguides. These film structures are deposited on substrates and the combination of the substrate and the planar waveguide is used in the formation of optical interposers and subassemblies. The silicon oxynitride film structures are deposited using low thermal budget processes and hydrogen-free oxygen and hydrogen-free nitrogen precursors to produce planar waveguides that exhibit low losses for optical signals transmitted through the waveguide of 1 dB/cm or less. The silicon oxynitride film structures and substrate exhibit low stress levels of less than 20 MPa.
1. A method comprising
depositing multiple layers of films on a substrate,
wherein the multiple layers of films comprises a stack of silicon oxynitride films; and
patterning the multiple layers of films to form a waveguide with a core of the waveguide comprising silicon oxynitride,
wherein at least a silicon oxynitride film in the stack of silicon oxynitride films is deposited using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process,
wherein process gases in the PECVD process comprise a silicon-containing precursor not containing hydrogen and one or more precursors for oxygen and nitrogen, and
wherein the one or more precursors of oxygen and nitrogen comprise an amount of hydrogen less than 10% of the process gases.
2. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the amount of hydrogen is less than 5% of the process gases.
3. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the process gases comprise a hydrogen-free chemistry.
4. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the process gases comprises less than 10% ammonia.
5. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the one or more precursors for oxygen and nitrogen comprise at least one of
a precursor for oxygen and a precursor for nitrogen,
a precursor for oxygen, and a precursor for nitrogen and oxygen, or
a precursor for nitrogen, and a precursor for nitrogen and oxygen.
6. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein ratios of process gases are configured to achieve a stoichiometry for the silicon oxynitride films that exhibits an index of refraction between 1.55 and 2.05, and
wherein ratios of process gases are configured to achieve a stress level less than 25 MPa in magnitude.
7. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the at least a silicon oxynitride film comprises a stress level less than 25 MPa in magnitude, or
wherein the stack of silicon oxynitride films comprises a stress level less than 25 MPa in magnitude, or
wherein individual silicon oxynitride films in the stack of silicon oxynitride films have a stress level less than 25 MPa in magnitude.
8. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the at least a silicon oxynitride film is formed using process temperatures less than 500 C to prevent damages to the substrate.
9. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the substrate comprises an interconnection layer comprising an electrical interconnection line.
10. A method as in claim 1 ,
wherein the substrate comprises an interconnection layer formed on an electrical device, and
wherein the interconnection layer comprises an electrical interconnection line electrically connected to a terminal of the electrical device.
11. A method comprising
depositing multiple layers of films on a substrate,
wherein the multiple layers of films comprises a stack of silicon oxynitride films; and
patterning the multiple layers of films to form a waveguide with a core of the waveguide comprising silicon oxynitride,
wherein at least a silicon oxynitride film in the stack of silicon oxynitride films is deposited using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process, and
wherein process gases in the PECVD process comprise an amount of hydrogen configured to form the at least a silicon oxynitride film having a stress level less than 25 MPa in magnitude or configured to form the at least a silicon oxynitride film using process temperatures less than 500 C to prevent damages to the substrate.
12. A method as in claim 11 ,
wherein the amount of hydrogen is less than 10% of the process gases.
13. A method as in claim 11 ,
wherein the process gases comprises a precursor for silicon, a precursor for nitrogen, and a precursor for oxygen, and
wherein at least one of the precursor for silicon, the oxygen precursor, or the nitrogen precursor comprises a hydrogen-free chemistry.
14. A method as in claim 11 ,
wherein the at least a silicon oxynitride film is formed using process temperatures less than 400 C to prevent damages to the substrate.
15. A method as in claim 11 ,
wherein the substrate comprises an interconnection layer comprising an electrical interconnection line.
16. A method comprising
depositing multiple layers of films on a substrate,
wherein the multiple layers of films comprises a stack of silicon oxynitride films; and
patterning the multiple layers of films to form a waveguide with a core of the waveguide comprising silicon oxynitride,
wherein at least a silicon oxynitride film in the stack of silicon oxynitride films is deposited using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process, and
wherein process gases in the PECVD process comprise an amount of hydrogen configured to form the at least a silicon oxynitride film, as-deposited, having a level of optical loss of less than 1 dB/cm.
17. A method as in claim 16 ,
wherein the amount of hydrogen is less than 10% of the process gases.
18. A method as in claim 16 ,
wherein process gases comprise a silicon-containing precursor not containing hydrogen.
19. A method as in claim 16 ,
wherein the waveguide is formed using process temperatures less than 500 C to prevent damages to the substrate, and
wherein ratios of process gases are configured to achieve a stress level less than 25 MPa in magnitude.
20. A method as in claim 16 ,
wherein the substrate comprises an interconnection layer formed on an electrical device, and
wherein the interconnection layer comprises an electrical interconnection line electrically connected to a terminal of the electrical device.