Methods of preparing a catalyst utilizing hydrated reagents
A method comprising a) contacting a solvent, a carboxylic acid, and a peroxide-containing compound to form an acidic mixture wherein a weight ratio of solvent to carboxylic acid in the acidic mixture is from about 1:1 to about 100:1; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound and the acidic mixture to form a solubilized titanium mixture wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:4 and an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to peroxide-containing compound in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:20; and c) contacting a chromium-silica support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water and the solubilized titanium mixture to form an addition product and drying the addition product by heating to a temperature in a range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. and maintaining the temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. for a time period of from about 30 minutes to about 6 hours to form a pre-catalyst.
1 . A pre-catalyst composition comprising:
(i) a chromium-containing compound comprising chromium trioxide, chromium acetate, or a combination thereof; (ii) a titanium-containing compound comprising contacting titanium (IV) ethoxide, titanium (IV) isopropoxide, titanium (IV) n-propoxide, titanium (IV) n-butoxide, titanium (IV) 2-ethylhexoxide, or a combination thereof, and one or more carboxylic acids comprising oxalic acid, wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to the one or more carboxylic acids is from about 1:1 to about 1:4; (iii) a nitrogen-containing compound comprising dimethyl formamide, methyl formamide, or a combination thereof; and (iv) a silica support,
wherein (iv) the silica support evolves from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water based on the total weight of the silica support when heated at temperatures ranging from about 180° C. to about 200° C., and
wherein (iv) the silica support has at least one of a surface area in a range of from about 100 m 2 /gram to about 1000 m 2 /gram, a pore volume of from about 1.0 cm 3 /gram to about 2.5 cm 3 /gram, or a combination thereof.
2 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein (ii) the titanium-containing compound is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % based on the total weight of the pre-catalyst composition.
3 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 2 , wherein (ii) the titanium-containing compound is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the pre-catalyst composition.
4 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 2 , wherein (ii) the titanium-containing compound comprises titanium (IV) isopropoxide.
5 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 2 , wherein (i) the chromium-containing compound further comprises chromium nitrate, tertiary butyl chromate, biscyclopentadienyl chromium (II), chromium (III) acetylacetonate, or a combination thereof.
6 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 2 , wherein the one or more carboxylic acids of (ii) the titanium-containing compound further comprises acetic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, tartaric acid, glyceric acid, mandelic acid, 2,4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, nitrotriacetic acid, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, phenyl malonic acid, digluconic acid, iminodiacetic acid, hydoxymethyl-2-butyric acid, or a combination thereof.
7 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 2 , wherein (iii) the nitrogen-containing compound further comprises acetamide, tert-butyl amine, creatine, N,N-dibutyl urea, diethanol amine, diisopropanol amine, dimethylamino ethanol, dimethyl carbamate, dimethylisopropanol amine, dimethyl glycine, N,N-dimethyl urea, ethanol amine, glycol amine, hexyl amine, hydroxyl amine, imidazole, isopropanol amine, N-methyl aniline, methyldiethanol amine, pyrazole, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, triethanol amine, triisopropanol amine, trimethyl amine, or a combination thereof.
8 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein (ii) the titanium-containing compound is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the pre-catalyst composition.
9 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 8 , wherein (ii) the titanium-containing compound comprises titanium (IV) isopropoxide.
10 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 8 , wherein (i) the chromium-containing compound further comprises chromium nitrate, tertiary butyl chromate, biscyclopentadienyl chromium (II), chromium (III) acetylacetonate, or a combination thereof.
11 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 8 , wherein the one or more carboxylic acids of (ii) the titanium-containing compound further comprises acetic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, tartaric acid, glyceric acid, mandelic acid, 2,4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, nitrotriacetic acid, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, phenyl malonic acid, digluconic acid, iminodiacetic acid, hydoxymethyl-2-butyric acid, or a combination thereof.
12 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 8 , wherein (iii) the nitrogen-containing compound further comprises acetamide, tert-butyl amine, creatine, N,N-dibutyl urea, diethanol amine, diisopropanol amine, dimethylamino ethanol, dimethyl carbamate, dimethylisopropanol amine, dimethyl glycine, N,N-dimethyl urea, ethanol amine, glycol amine, hexyl amine, hydroxyl amine, imidazole, isopropanol amine, N-methyl aniline, methyldiethanol amine, pyrazole, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, triethanol amine, triisopropanol amine, trimethyl amine, or a combination thereof.
13 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein (ii) the titanium-containing compound comprises titanium (IV) isopropoxide.
14 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 13 , wherein (ii) the titanium-containing compound is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % based on the total weight of the pre-catalyst composition.
15 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 13 , wherein (ii) the titanium-containing compound is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the pre-catalyst composition.
16 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 13 , wherein (i) the chromium-containing compound further comprises chromium nitrate, tertiary butyl chromate, biscyclopentadienyl chromium (II), chromium (III) acetylacetonate, or a combination thereof.
17 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 13 , wherein the one or more carboxylic acids of (ii) the titanium-containing compound further comprises acetic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, tartaric acid, glyceric acid, mandelic acid, 2,4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, nitrotriacetic acid, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, phenyl malonic acid, digluconic acid, iminodiacetic acid, hydoxymethyl-2-butyric acid, or a combination thereof.
18 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 13 , wherein (iii) the nitrogen-containing compound further comprises acetamide, tert-butyl amine, creatine, N,N-dibutyl urea, diethanol amine, diisopropanol amine, dimethylamino ethanol, dimethyl carbamate, dimethylisopropanol amine, dimethyl glycine, N,N-dimethyl urea, ethanol amine, glycol amine, hexyl amine, hydroxyl amine, imidazole, isopropanol amine, N-methyl aniline, methyldiethanol amine, pyrazole, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, triethanol amine, triisopropanol amine, trimethyl amine, or a combination thereof.
19 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein (i) the chromium-containing compound further comprises chromium nitrate, tertiary butyl chromate, biscyclopentadienyl chromium (II), chromium (III) acetylacetonate, or a combination thereof.
20 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 19 , wherein (ii) the titanium-containing compound comprises titanium (IV) isopropoxide.
21 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more carboxylic acids of (ii) the titanium-containing compound further comprises acetic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, tartaric acid, glyceric acid, mandelic acid, 2,4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, nitrotriacetic acid, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, phenyl malonic acid, digluconic acid, iminodiacetic acid, hydoxymethyl-2-butyric acid, or a combination thereof.
22 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 21 , wherein (ii) the titanium-containing compound comprises titanium (IV) isopropoxide.
23 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein (iii) the nitrogen-containing compound further comprises acetamide, tert-butyl amine, creatine, N,N-dibutyl urea, diethanol amine, diisopropanol amine, dimethylamino ethanol, dimethyl carbamate, dimethylisopropanol amine, dimethyl glycine, N,N-dimethyl urea, ethanol amine, glycol amine, hexyl amine, hydroxyl amine, imidazole, isopropanol amine, N-methyl aniline, methyldiethanol amine, pyrazole, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, triethanol amine, triisopropanol amine, trimethyl amine, or a combination thereof.
24 . The pre-catalyst composition of claim 23 , wherein (ii) the titanium-containing compound comprises titanium (IV) isopropoxide.