IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,523,626
Granted Patent B2
US 12,523,626 · App. 18/144,506 · Granted Jan 13, 2026

Systems and methods for measuring kinetic response of chemical sensor elements

Inventors: Gregory J. Sherwood (White Bear Lake, MN); Justin Theodore Nelson (Vadnais Heights, MN); Steven Koester (Edina, MN)
Assignee: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
G01N27/021G01N27/221G01N27/227G01N33/0036
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,523,626
App. No.
18/144,506
Granted
Jan 13, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

Embodiments herein include a kinetic response system for measuring analyte presence on a chemical sensor element. The chemical sensor element includes one or more discrete binding detectors, each discrete binding detector including a graphene varactor. The kinetic response system includes a measurement circuit having an excitation voltage generator for generating a series of excitation cycles over a time period. Each excitation cycle includes delivering a DC bias voltage to the discrete binding detectors at multiple discrete DC bias voltages across a range of DC bias voltages. The kinetic response system includes a capacitance sensor to measure capacitance of the discrete binding detectors resulting from the excitation cycles. The kinetic response system includes a controller circuit to determine the kinetics of change in at least one of a measured capacitance value and a calculated value based on the measured capacitance over the time period. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Claims (35)

1 . A chemical sensing system comprising:

a chemical sensor element comprising one or more discrete binding detectors, each discrete binding detector comprising a graphene component;

a measurement circuit comprising an excitation voltage generator configured to generate a series of excitation cycles over a time period, wherein each excitation cycle includes delivering a DC bias voltage to the discrete binding detectors at multiple discrete DC bias voltage values across a range of DC bias voltages; and

a sensor configured to measure electrical properties of the discrete binding detectors resulting from the excitation cycles; and

a controller circuit configured to determine kinetics of a change in at least one of a measured electrical value and a calculated value based on the measured electrical value over the time period;

wherein the controller circuit is configured to determine the end of a non-steady state response phase from each of the discrete binding detectors by assessing a rate of change of a measured electrical property over the time period; and wherein the profile of the measured electrical property during the non-steady state response phase for each discrete binding detector defines a unique kinetic response profile for a unique gaseous mixture.

2 . The chemical sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the controller circuit is configured to calculate a rate of change of a measured electrical property or a calculated value based on a measured electrical property over the time period at multiple discrete DC bias voltages.

3 . The chemical sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the controller circuit is configured to calculate an average rate of change of a measured electrical property over the time period at multiple discrete DC bias voltages.

4 . The chemical sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the controller circuit is configured to determine the start of a steady-state response phase from each of the discrete binding detectors by assessing a rate of change of a measured electrical property over the time period.

5 . The chemical sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the controller circuit is configured to determine the start of the non-steady state response phase from each of the discrete binding detectors by assessing the rate of change of the measured electrical property over the time period.

6 . The chemical sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the controller circuit is configured to calculate the rate of change in the Dirac point for the discrete binding detectors over the time period.

7 . The chemical sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the controller circuit is configured to determine a maximum rate of change for the electrical property for the discrete binding detectors over the time period.

8 . The chemical sensing system of claim 1 , further comprising a flow control valve in fluid communication with an upstream flow path relative the chemical sensor element.

9 . A method for analyzing a gaseous mixture comprising:

contacting a chemical sensor element comprising one or more discrete binding detectors with a gaseous mixture, each discrete binding detector comprising a graphene component;

generating a series of excitation cycles over a time period, wherein each excitation cycle includes delivering a DC bias voltage to the graphene component at multiple discrete DC bias voltage values across a range of DC bias voltages; and

measuring an electrical property of each of the discrete binding detectors resulting from the excitation cycles;

determining the kinetics of a change in at least one of a measured electrical property value and a calculated value based on the measured electrical property over the time period;

contacting the chemical sensor element with a gas other than a sample gas; and

detecting a return of each of the discrete binding detectors back toward a baseline electrical property value.

10 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising calculating a rate of change of a measured electrical property or a calculated value based on measured electrical property over the time period.

11 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising calculating an average rate of change of a measured electrical property over the time period at multiple discrete DC bias voltages.

12 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising determining the start of a steady-state response phase from each of the discrete binding detectors by assessing a rate of change of a measured electrical property over the time period.

13 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising determining the start of a non-steady state response phase from each of the discrete binding detectors by assessing a rate of change of a measured electrical property over the time period.

14 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising determining the end of the non-steady state response phase from each of the discrete binding detectors by assessing a rate of change of a measured electrical property over the time period; and

wherein the start of the non-steady state response phase and the end of the non-steady state response phase for the discrete binding detectors defines a unique kinetic response profile for a unique gaseous mixture.

15 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising distinguishing one unique gaseous mixture from another unique gaseous mixture based on the unique kinetic response profile of the unique gaseous mixtures.

16 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising calculating the rate of change in the Dirac point for the discrete binding detectors over the time period.

17 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the range of range of DC bias voltages comprises from −3 V to 3 V.

18 . The method of claim 9 , wherein delivering a DC bias voltage to the graphene varactor at multiple discrete DC bias voltage values across a range of DC bias voltages comprises stepping through the range of DC bias voltages in 50 mV increments.

19 . A chemical sensing system comprising:

a chemical sensor element comprising one or more discrete binding detectors, each discrete binding detector comprising a graphene component;

a measurement circuit comprising an excitation voltage generator configured to generate a series of excitation cycles over a time period, wherein each excitation cycle includes delivering a DC bias voltage to the discrete binding detectors at multiple discrete DC bias voltage values across a range of DC bias voltages; and

a capacitance sensor configured to measure capacitance of the discrete binding detectors resulting from the excitation cycles; and

a controller circuit configured to determine a kinetic change in at least one of a measured capacitance value and a calculated value based on the measured capacitance over the time period.

Assignments (3)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Aug 14, 2023
From: BOSTON SCIENTIFIC SCIMED, INC.
To: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
Reel/Frame 064577/0074 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Aug 8, 2023
From: SHERWOOD, GREGORY J.; NELSON, JUSTIN THEODORE
To: BOSTON SCIENTIFIC SCIMED, INC.
Reel/Frame 064523/0518 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Aug 8, 2023
From: KOESTER, STEVEN
To: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
Reel/Frame 064523/0563 →
Continuity (3)
Continuation 16712255 · Dec 12, 2019
Provisional Application 62781254 · Dec 18, 2018
Related Publication 20230393087A1 · Dec 7, 2023
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