Wheat with reduced lipoxygenase activity
A series of independent human-induced non-transgenic mutations found at one or more of the Lpx genes of wheat; wheat plants having these mutations in one or more of their Lpx genes; and a method of creating and finding similar and/or additional mutations of Lpx by screening pooled and/or individual wheat plants. The wheat plants disclosed herein exhibit decreased lipoxygenase activity without having the inclusion of foreign nucleic acids in their genomes. Additionally, products produced from the wheat plants disclosed herein display increased oxidative stability and increased shelf life without having the inclusion of foreign nucleic acids in their genomes.
1. A wheat flour comprising a human induced alteration in an Lpx1 gene in a D genome, wherein the wheat flour has a property selected from the group consisting of: (a) increased shelf-life; (b) increased oxidative stability; (c) decreased production of Lpx1 protein; (d) decreased lipoxygenase activity; (e) decreased hexanal production; (f) decreased pinellic acid production; (g) decreased decomposition products from fatty acids; and (h) improved sensory characteristics as compared to flour from a wild type wheat grain.
2. The wheat flour of claim 1 , wherein the Lpx1 gene is Lpx-D1.
3. The wheat flour of claim 2 , wherein the human-induced alteration in the Lpx-D1 gene is homozygous.
4. The wheat flour of claim 2 , wherein the human induced alteration in the Lpx-D1 gene is in a promoter.
5. The wheat flour of claim 2 , wherein the human induced alteration in the Lpx-D1 gene results in a premature stop codon.
6. The wheat flour of claim 2 , wherein the human induced alteration in the Lpx-D1 gene results in:
(i) a change from a tryptophan to a stop codon at amino acid position 81 (W81*), 101 (W101*), 494 (W494*), 517 (W517*), 591 (W591*), 635 (W635*), 665 (W665*), 666 (W666*), 701 (W701*), or 789 (W789*) of SEQ ID No. 3;
(ii) a change from a glutamine to a stop codon at amino acid position 190 (Q190*) of SEQ ID No. 3; or
(iii) a change from a guanine to adenine at nucleotide position 2386 (G2386A), or 2827 (G2827A) of SEQ ID No. 1; or a change from a guanine to adenine at nucleotide position 1538 (G1538A) of SEQ ID No. 15.
7. The wheat flour of claim 1 , further comprising a human induced alteration in a Lpx1 gene of a B genome.
8. The wheat flour plant of claim 7 , wherein the Lpx1 gene of the B genome is Lpx-B1.2.
9. The wheat flour of claim 8 , wherein the mutation in the B genome of the Lpx-B1.2 gene results in a change from a tryptophan to a stop codon at amino acid position 510 (W510*) of SEQ ID No. 6.
10. The wheat flour of claim 1 , wherein the flour is selected from the group consisting of: a whole grain flour, an ultrafine milled whole grain flour, a coarse fraction, a bran, a refined flour, and combinations thereof.
11. The wheat flour of claim 1 , wherein the flour has an increased shelf-life of at least 1 month as compared to flour from a wild type wheat grain.
12. The wheat flour of claim 1 , wherein the flour has at least a 5% reduction in hexanal production as compared to flour from a wild type wheat grain.
13. The wheat flour of claim 1 , wherein the flour has at least a 9% reduction of lipoxygenase activity as compared to flour from a wild type wheat grain.
14. The wheat flour of claim 11 , wherein the flour has at least a 60% reduction of lipoxygenase activity as compared to flour from a wild type wheat grain.
15. A wheat flour made from wheat grain comprising a human induced alteration in an Lpx1 gene in each of a B and a D genome, wherein the flour has a property selected from the group consisting of: (a) increased shelf-life; (b) increased oxidative stability; (c) decreased production of Lpx1 protein; (d) decreased lipoxygenase activity; (e) decreased hexanal production; (f) decreased pinellic acid production; (g) decreased decomposition products from fatty acids; and (h) improved sensory characteristics as compared to flour from a wild type wheat grain.
16. The wheat flour of claim 15 , wherein the Lpx1 gene in the D genome is Lpx-D1.
17. The wheat flour of claim 16 , wherein the human induced alteration in the Lpx-D1 gene results in a premature stop codon.
18. The wheat flour of claim 16 , wherein the human induced alteration in the Lpx-D1 gene results in:
(i) a change from a tryptophan to a stop codon at amino acid position 81 (W81*), 101 (W101*), 494 (W494*), 517 (W517*), 591 (W591*), 635 (W635*), 665 (W665*), 666 (W666*), 701 (W701*), or 789 (W789*) of SEQ ID No. 3;
(ii) a change from a glutamine to a stop codon at amino acid position 190 (Q190*) of SEQ ID No. 3; or
(iii) a change from a guanine to adenine at nucleotide position 2386 (G2386A), or 2827 (G2827A) of SEQ ID No. 1; or a change from a guanine to adenine at nucleotide position 1538 (G1538A) of SEQ ID No. 15.
19. The wheat flour of claim 15 , wherein the Lpx1 gene in the B genome is Lpx-B1.2.
20. The wheat flour of claim 15 , wherein the flour has an increased shelf-life of at least 1 month as compared to flour from a wild type wheat grain.
21. The wheat flour of claim 15 , wherein the flour has at least a 5% reduction in hexanal production as compared to flour from a wild type wheat grain.
22. The wheat flour of claim 15 , wherein the flour has at least a 9% reduction of lipoxygenase activity as compared to flour from a wild type wheat grain.