Granted Patent B2

US 12,495,354 · App. 18/174,461 · Granted Dec 9, 2025

Inventors: Peter D. Karabinis (Cary, NC); Dimitrios P. Karabinis (Edmonds, WA)

H04W48/16H04L67/51H04L69/18H04W40/32H04J2211/005H04J2211/006H04L5/0007H04W8/005H04W84/047H04W88/04

Abstract

Claims (76)

1 . A first system that is configured to perform operations comprising:

identifying a plurality of transmission paths, at least two of which comprise a heterogeneous difference with one another, for relaying information to a second system;

transmitting first information to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths;

transmitting second information to the second system by transmitting second data over a second transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths; and

causing the second system to augment the first data with the second data;

wherein the first transmission path comprises a heterogeneous difference from the second transmission path and is physically distinct from the second transmission path;

wherein said transmitting first information to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths comprises transmitting the first data to a first device that is associated with said first transmission path; and then, causing the first device to relay the first data to the second system;

wherein said transmitting second information to the second system by transmitting second data over a second transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths comprises transmitting the second data to a second device that is associated with said second transmission path; and then, causing the second device to relay the second data to the second system; and

wherein the first device is distinct, heterogeneously different and at a distance from the second device.

2 . The first system of claim 1 ,

wherein the first system comprises an antenna comprising different linear polarizations including a vertical linear polarization and a horizontal linear polarization;

wherein said transmitting first information to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths further comprises transmitting the first information to the second system by transmitting the first data over the first transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths using said different linear polarizations comprising said vertical linear polarization and said horizontal linear polarization;

wherein the first system comprises a smartphone or a base station;

wherein said transmitting first information comprises wirelessly transmitting the first information;

wherein said transmitting second information comprises wirelessly transmitting the second information;

wherein the first device comprises a base station; and

wherein the second device comprises a WiFi access point.

3 . The first system of claim 2 ,

wherein said transmitting first information to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path comprises wirelessly transmitting the first information and wirelessly transmitting the first data using a first set of frequencies; and

wherein said transmitting second information to the second system by transmitting second data over a second transmission path comprises wirelessly transmitting the second information and wirelessly transmitting the second data using a second set of frequencies that differs from the first set of frequencies.

4 . The first system of claim 3 ,

wherein the first set of frequencies comprises licensed frequencies; and

wherein the second set of frequencies that differs from the first set of frequencies comprises unlicensed frequencies.

5 . The first system of claim 1 ,

wherein said transmitting first information to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths; and said transmitting second information to the second system by transmitting second data over a second transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths occur concurrently in time with one another.

6 . The first system of claim 1 ,

wherein said transmitting first information to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths; and said transmitting information to the second system by transmitting second data over a second transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths occur sequentially in time with one another.

7 . The first system of claim 6 , wherein said sequentially in time with one another comprises:

transmitting the first information to the second system by transmitting the first data over the first transmission path; and then

transmitting the second information to the second system by transmitting the second data over the second transmission path.

8 . The first system of claim 1 , wherein the operations further comprise:

selecting to transmit information to the second system by transmitting data solely over the first transmission path or by transmitting data solely over the second transmission path.

9 . The first system of claim 2 ,

wherein said transmitting first information to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path comprises wirelessly transmitting the first information and wirelessly transmitting the first data using a first protocol or first air interface; and

wherein said transmitting second information to the second system by transmitting second data over a second transmission path comprises wirelessly transmitting the second information and wirelessly transmitting the second data using a second protocol or second air interface that differs from the first protocol or first air interface.

10 . The first system of claim 9 ,

wherein said first protocol or first air interface comprises a cellular protocol or a cellular air interface; and

wherein said second protocol or second air interface comprises a WiFi protocol or a WiFi air interface.

11 . A method comprising:

identifying a plurality of transmission paths, at least two of which comprise a heterogeneous difference with one another, for relaying information from a first system to a second system;

transmitting first information by the first system to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths;

transmitting second information by the first system to the second system by transmitting second data over a second transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths; and

causing the second system to augment the first data with the second data;

wherein the first transmission path comprises a heterogeneous difference from the second transmission path and is physically distinct from the second transmission path;

wherein said transmitting first information by the first system to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths comprises transmitting the first data to a first device that is associated with said first transmission path; and then, causing the first device to relay the first data to the second system;

wherein said transmitting second information by the first system to the second system by transmitting second data over a second transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths comprises transmitting the second data to a second device that is associated with said second transmission path; and then, causing the second device to relay the second data to the second system; and

wherein the first device is distinct, heterogeneously different and at a distance from the second device.

12 . The method of claim 11 ,

wherein the first system comprises an antenna comprising different linear polarizations including a vertical linear polarization and a horizontal linear polarization;

wherein said transmitting first information by the first system to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths further comprises transmitting the first information by the first system to the second system by transmitting the first data over the first transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths using said different linear polarizations comprising said vertical linear polarization and said horizontal linear polarization;

wherein the first system comprises a smartphone or a base station;

wherein said transmitting first information comprises wirelessly transmitting the first information;

wherein said transmitting second information comprises wirelessly transmitting the second information;

wherein the first device comprises a base station; and

wherein the second device comprises a WiFi access point.

13 . The method of claim 12 ,

wherein said transmitting first information by the first system to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path comprises wirelessly transmitting the first information and wirelessly transmitting the first data using a first set of frequencies; and

wherein said transmitting second information by the first system to the second system by transmitting second data over a second transmission path comprises wirelessly transmitting the second information and wirelessly transmitting the second data using a second set of frequencies that differs from the first set of frequencies.

14 . The method of claim 13 ,

wherein the first set of frequencies comprises licensed frequencies; and

wherein the second set of frequencies that differs from the first set of frequencies comprises unlicensed frequencies.

15 . The method of claim 11 ,

wherein said transmitting first information by the first system to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths; and said transmitting second information by the first system to the second system by transmitting second data over a second transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths occur concurrently in time with one another.

16 . The method of claim 11 ,

wherein said transmitting first information by the first system to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths; and said transmitting second information by the first system to the second system by transmitting second data over a second transmission path of the plurality of transmission paths occur sequentially in time with one another.

17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein said sequentially in time with one another comprises:

transmitting the first information by the first system to the second system by transmitting the first data over the first transmission path; and then

transmitting the second information by the first system to the second system by transmitting the second data over the second transmission path.

18 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:

selecting to transmit information by the first system to the second system by transmitting data solely over the first transmission path or by transmitting data solely over the second transmission path.

19 . The method of claim 12 ,

wherein said transmitting first information by the first system to the second system by transmitting first data over a first transmission path comprises wirelessly transmitting the first information and wirelessly transmitting the first data using a first protocol or first air interface; and

wherein said transmitting second information by the first system to the second system by transmitting second data over a second transmission path comprises wirelessly transmitting the second information and wirelessly transmitting the second data using a second protocol or second air interface that differs from the first protocol or first air interface.

20 . The method of claim 19 ,

wherein said first protocol or first air interface comprises a cellular protocol or a cellular air interface; and

wherein said second protocol or second air interface comprises a WiFi protocol or a WiFi air interface.

Assignments (2)

Continuity (8)

References Cited (290)