Voltage limiter for an RFID tag
A voltage limiter for a radio-frequency identification (RFID) integrated circuit (IC) for an RFID tag and a method for operating a voltage limiter is disclosed. The RFID IC includes a radio-frequency (RF) rectifier. The voltage limiter comprises: a current sink device coupled between an output of the RF rectifier and ground; a reference generator having an output for providing a reference voltage (Vlim) for controlling a current through the current sink device to limit a voltage (Vrec) at the output of the RF rectifier to values below a predefined voltage level; and feedback circuitry arranged to provide a feedback current to the reference generator to vary the reference voltage (Vlim), the feedback current being dependent on the current through the current sink device.
1. A voltage limiter for a radio-frequency identification (RFID) integrated circuit (IC) for an RFID tag, the RFID IC including a radio-frequency (RF) rectifier, the voltage limiter comprising:
a current sink device coupled between an output of the RF rectifier and ground;
a reference generator having an output for providing a reference voltage for controlling a current through the current sink device to limit a voltage at the output of the RF rectifier to values below a predefined voltage level; and
feedback circuitry arranged to provide a feedback current to the reference generator to vary the reference voltage, the feedback current being dependent on the current through the current sink device, and wherein the feedback circuitry includes a current replica device coupled between the output of the RF rectifier and the ground, in parallel with the current sink device.
2. The voltage limiter of claim 1 , wherein the feedback current is proportional to the current through the current sink device.
3. The voltage limiter of claim 1 , wherein a control terminal of the current replica device is coupled to a control terminal of the current sink device.
4. The voltage limiter of claim 1 , wherein the current replica device is configured to replicate a multiple or submultiple of the current through the current sink device.
5. The voltage limiter of claim 1 , wherein the feedback circuitry is configured to provide the feedback current to a control terminal of the current sink device.
6. The voltage limiter of claim 1 , wherein the feedback circuitry is configured to provide the feedback current to a feedback node of the reference generator, wherein a voltage offset is generated between the feedback node and a control terminal of the current sink device.
7. The voltage limiter of claim 6 , wherein the feedback circuitry comprises an element coupled between the feedback node and the control terminal of the current sink device for generating the voltage offset, the element being selected from a group consisting of a resistor, a diode, a bipolar transistor, and a MOS transistor.
8. The voltage limiter of claim 1 , wherein the current sink device is a transistor and comprises a control terminal coupled to the output of the reference generator.
9. The voltage limiter of claim 8 , wherein the current replica device is a transistor having a same polarity as the current sink device.
10. The voltage limiter of claim 1 , wherein the voltage limiter is implemented on the IC in the RFID tag.
11. A voltage limiter for a radio-frequency identification (RFID) integrated circuit (IC) for an RFID tag, the RFID IC including a radio-frequency (RF) rectifier, the voltage limiter comprising:
a current sink device coupled between an output of the RF rectifier and ground;
a reference generator having an output for providing a reference voltage for controlling a current through the current sink device to limit a voltage at the output of the RF rectifier to values below a predefined voltage level; and
feedback circuitry arranged to provide a feedback current to the reference generator to vary the reference voltage, the feedback current being dependent on the current through the current sink device, wherein the feedback circuitry includes a current replica device coupled between the output of the RF rectifier and the ground, in parallel with the current sink device, and wherein the feedback circuitry further comprises at least one current mirror for copying a current in the current replica device.
12. The voltage limiter of claim 11 , wherein said at least one current mirror is configured to mirror a multiple or submultiple of the current in the current replica device.
13. The voltage limiter of claim 11 , wherein said at least one current mirror comprises a first current mirror for copying the current in the current replica device, and a further current mirror for copying the current in the first current mirror.
14. A voltage limiter for a radio-frequency identification (RFID) integrated circuit (IC) for an RFID tag, the RFID IC including a radio-frequency (RF) rectifier, the voltage limiter comprising:
a current sink device coupled between an output of the RF rectifier and ground, wherein the current sink device is a main current sink device;
a reference generator having an output for providing a reference voltage for controlling a current through the main current sink device to limit a voltage at the output of the RF rectifier to values below a predefined voltage level;
feedback circuitry arranged to provide a feedback current to the reference generator to vary the reference voltage, the feedback current being dependent on the current through the main current sink device;
an additional current sink device coupled between the output of the RF rectifier and the ground, in parallel with the main current sink device; and
a sensing device for sensing the current through the main current sink device and for turning on the additional current sink device when the current in the main current sink device exceeds a predetermined level.
15. The voltage limiter of claim 14 , wherein the sensing device comprises at least one device selected from a group consisting of an inverter, a Schmitt trigger, a latch, and an amplifier.
16. A voltage limiter for a radio-frequency identification (RFID) integrated circuit (IC) for an RFID tag, the RFID IC including a radio-frequency (RF) rectifier, the voltage limiter comprising:
a current sink device coupled between an output of the RF rectifier and ground;
a reference generator having an output for providing a reference voltage for controlling a current through the current sink device to limit a voltage at the output of the RF rectifier to values below a predefined voltage level;
feedback circuitry arranged to provide a feedback current to the reference generator to vary the reference voltage, the feedback current being dependent on the current through the current sink device;
a current pull device coupled between a control terminal of the current sink device and the ground; and
a sensing device for sensing the current through the current sink device and for turning on the current pull device when the current flows in the current sink device.
17. The voltage limiter of claim 16 , wherein the sensing device comprises at least one of an inverter, a Schmitt trigger, a latch, and/or an amplifier.
18. A voltage limiter for a radio-frequency identification (RFID) integrated circuit (IC) for an RFID tag, the RFID IC including a radio-frequency (RF) rectifier, the voltage limiter comprising:
a current sink device coupled between an output of the RF rectifier and ground, wherein the current sink device is a main current sink device;
a reference generator having an output for providing a reference voltage for controlling a current through the main current sink device to limit a voltage at the output of the RF rectifier to values below a predefined voltage level;
feedback circuitry arranged to provide a feedback current to the reference generator to vary the reference voltage, the feedback current being dependent on the current through the main current sink device;
an additional current sink device coupled between the output of the RF rectifier and the ground, in parallel with the main current sink device;
a current pull device coupled between a control terminal of the main current sink device and the ground; and
a sensing device for sensing the current through the main current sink device and for turning on the additional current sink device and the current pull device when the current flows in the main current sink device.
19. A method for operating a voltage limiter in a radio-frequency identification (RFID) integrated circuit (IC) for an RFID tag, the RFID IC including a radio-frequency (RF) rectifier, the method comprising:
sinking, by a current sink device, a current from an output of the RF rectifier to ground;
providing, by a reference generator, a reference voltage for controlling the current to limit a voltage at the output of the RF rectifier to values below a predefined voltage level; and
providing, by feedback circuitry, a feedback current to vary the reference voltage, the feedback current being dependent on the current, and the feedback circuitry comprising a current replica device coupled between the output of the RF rectifier and the ground, in parallel with the current sink device.