Firefighting foam composition
A method of fighting a fire includes aerating a firefighting foam composition to form an aerated firefighting foam; administering the aerated firefighting foam to a fire or applying the aerated firefighting foam to a surface of a volatile flammable liquid; wherein: the firefighting foam composition includes a sugar component; a surfactant component comprising an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, or a mixture of any two or more thereof; a polysaccharide thickener comprising succinoglycan; and at least about 30 wt. % water.
1. A firefighting foam concentrate comprising:
a sugar component comprising at least about 50 wt. % of a monosaccharide, sugar alcohol, or a mixture of any two or more thereof;
a surfactant component comprising an anionic surfactant and a zwitterionic surfactant;
a polysaccharide thickener comprising succinoglycan;
a suspension agent comprising microfibrous cellulose; and
wherein the firefighting foam concentrate is substantially free of non-ionic surfactants.
2. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein greater than 50 wt. % of the microfibrous cellulose is dispersed in the firefighting foam concentrate and not solubilized.
3. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the microfibrous cellulose is derived from microbial fermentation.
4. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the suspension agent comprises microfibrous cellulose, xanthan gum, and carboxymethyl cellulose in a ratio of about 6:3:1, or a mixture of microfibrous cellulose, guar gum, and carboxymethyl cellulose in a ratio of about 3:1:1.
5. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 further comprising an alkanolamine, a glycol solvent, a glycol ether solvent, an aliphatic alcohol-based component, a magnesium salt, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
6. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide thickener further comprises xanthan gum, diutan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum, gellan gum, guar gum, konjac gum, tara gum, methylcellulose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
7. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide thickener further comprises agar, sodium alginate, carrageenan, gum arabic, gum guaicum, neem gum, pistacia lentiscus, gum chatti, caranna, galactomannan, gum tragacanth, karaya gum, guar gum, xanthan gum, welan gum, rhamsam gum, locust bean gum, beta-glucan, cellulose, methylcellulose, chicle gum, kino gum, dammar gum, glucomannan, mastic gum, spruce gum, tara gum, gellan gum, acacia gum, cassia gum, diutan gum, fenugreek gum, ghatti gum, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, karaya gum, konjac gum, pectin, propylene glycol alginate, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
8. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the anionic surfactant comprises an aliphatic sulfate salt, aliphatic sulfonate salt, an aliphatic ether sulfate salt, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
9. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the anionic surfactant comprises a C 8-14 -alkyl sulfate salt, a C 8-14 -alkyl ether sulfate salt, a C 8-14 -alkyl sulfonate salt, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
10. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the anionic surfactant comprises an octyl sulfate salt, a decyl sulfate salt, a dodecyl sulfate salt, a tetradecyl sulfate salt, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
11. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic surfactant comprises an aliphatic amidoalkyl hydroxysultaine, an aliphatic amidoalkyl betaine, an aliphatic sulfobetaine surfactant, an aliphatic betaine surfactant, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
12. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic surfactant comprises a C 8-14 -alkylamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, laurylamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, myristylamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, or a mixture thereof.
13. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 further comprising a water-miscible organic solvent that is propylene glycol, glycerol, or a mixture thereof.
14. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 comprising:
a C 8-14 -alkyl sulfate surfactant;
a C 8-14 -alkylamidopropyl hydroxysultaine surfactant;
the polysaccharide thickener further comprising xanthan gum;
the suspension agent comprising microfibrous cellulose; and
the sugar component comprises at least about 85 wt. % fructose, glucose, or a mixture thereof.
15. The firefighting foam concentrate of claim 1 further comprising a biocide, a corrosion inhibitor, a reducing agent, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
16. A method of making a firefighting foam concentrate, the method comprising:
forming a suspension agent by blending microfibrous cellulose with a solvent at sufficient shear to disperse fibers of the microfibrous cellulose in the solvent;
blending the suspension agent with:
a sugar component comprising at least about 50 wt. % of a monosaccharide, sugar alcohol, or a mixture of any two or more thereof;
a surfactant component comprising an anionic surfactant and a zwitterionic surfactant; and
a polysaccharide thickener comprising succinoglycan; and
wherein the firefighting foam concentrate is substantially free of non-ionic surfactants.
17. A method of fighting a fire comprising:
aerating a firefighting foam composition to form an aerated firefighting foam;
administering the aerated firefighting foam to a fire or applying the aerated firefighting foam to a surface of a volatile flammable liquid;
wherein:
the firefighting foam composition comprises:
a sugar component;
a surfactant component comprising an anionic surfactant and a zwitterionic surfactant;
a polysaccharide thickener comprising succinoglycan;
a suspension agent comprising microfibrous cellulose; and
at least about 30 wt. % water; and
wherein the firefighting foam composition is substantially free of non-ionic surfactants.