Current digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with direct-current (DC) offset correction
Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit. The DAC circuit generally includes: a decoder coupled to an input of the DAC circuit and current-steering cells coupled to an output of the decoder. Outputs of the current-steering cells may be coupled to a positive output node and a negative output node of the DAC circuit. The DAC circuit may also include an offset detection circuit including: a comparator having a first input and a second input selectively coupled to the positive output node and the negative output node; and a digital controller having an input coupled to an output of the comparator and an output coupled to the decoder. In some aspects, the DAC circuit includes one or more calibration DACs coupled to the offset detection circuit.
1. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit, comprising:
a decoder coupled to an input of the DAC circuit;
current-steering cells coupled to an output of the decoder, wherein outputs of the current-steering cells are coupled to a positive output node and a negative output node of the DAC circuit; and
an offset detection circuit comprising:
a comparator having a first input and a second input selectively coupled to the positive output node and the negative output node; and
a digital controller having an input coupled to an output of the comparator and an output coupled to the decoder; and
one or more calibration DACs coupled between the offset detection circuit and one or more of the current-steering cells.
2. The DAC circuit of claim 1 , wherein the offset detection circuit further comprises:
a first switch coupled between the positive output node and the first input of the comparator;
a second switch coupled between the negative output node and the second input of the comparator;
a third switch coupled between the positive output node and the second input of the comparator; and
a fourth switch coupled between the negative output node and the first input of the comparator.
3. The DAC circuit of claim 1 , wherein the digital controller is configured to:
determine a first calibration DAC signal associated with a first direct-current (DC) offset of the DAC circuit when the positive output node is coupled to the first input of the comparator and the negative output node is coupled to the second input of the comparator;
determine a second calibration DAC signal associated with a second DC offset of the DAC circuit when the negative output node is coupled to the first input of the comparator and the positive output node is coupled to the second input of the comparator; and
control at least one of the one or more calibration DACs based on the first DC offset and the second DC offset.
4. The DAC circuit of claim 3 , wherein the digital controller is configured to determine the first calibration DAC signal and the second calibration DAC signal based on an output signal of the comparator using a digital controller configured to perform a binary search algorithm.
5. The DAC circuit of claim 1 , wherein the digital controller is configured to determine one or more calibration DAC signals associated with one or more DC offsets of the DAC circuit based on an output signal of the comparator using a digital controller configured to perform a binary search algorithm.
6. The DAC circuit of claim 1 , wherein:
the current-steering cells include least significant bit (LSB) current-steering cells and most significant bit (MSB) current-steering cells; and
the one or more calibration DACs include a calibration DAC for each of the MSB current-steering cells.
7. The DAC circuit of claim 6 , further comprising a resistor ladder circuit coupled between outputs of the LSB current-steering cells and the first and second inputs of the comparator.
8. The DAC circuit of claim 1 , wherein each of the current-steering cells includes:
a current source;
a first current-steering switch coupled to the current source;
a second current-steering switch coupled to the current source;
a first cascode transistor coupled to the first current-steering switch; and
a second cascode transistor coupled to the second current-steering switch.
9. The DAC circuit of claim 8 , wherein:
a first output of one of the calibration DACs is coupled to a first node between the first current-steering switch and the first cascode transistor; and
a second output of one of the calibration DACs is coupled to a second node between the second current-steering switch and the second cascode transistor.
10. The DAC circuit of claim 8 , wherein at least one of the one or more calibration DACs is configured to:
source a first current to a first node between the first current-steering switch and the first cascode transistor; and
source a second current to a second node between the second current-steering switch and the second cascode transistor, an amount of the first current being different than an amount of the second current.
11. The DAC circuit of claim 8 , wherein:
a drain of the first cascode transistor is coupled to the positive output node; and
a drain of the second cascode transistor is coupled to the negative output node.
12. The DAC circuit of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more calibration DACs includes at least two current sources, each coupled to at least two current-steering switches.
13. The DAC circuit of claim 12 , wherein the digital controller is configured to determine one or more calibration DAC signals associated with one or more DC offsets of the DAC circuit and wherein the at least two current-steering switches are controlled based on the one or more calibration DAC signals.
14. The DAC circuit of claim 12 , wherein the at least two current sources have different sizes.
15. A method for digital-to-analog conversion, comprising:
receiving an output signal from a comparator having a first input and a second input selectively coupled to a positive output node and a negative output node of a digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) circuit, wherein outputs of a plurality of current-steering cells are coupled to the positive output node and the negative output node;
determining, via a digital controller, one or more calibration DAC signals associated with one or more direct-current (DC) offsets of the DAC circuit based on the output signal from the comparator;
generating, via one or more calibration DACs, one or more currents provided to at least one of the plurality of current-steering cells based on the one or more calibration DAC signals; and
generating an analog signal via the plurality of current-steering cells while the one or more currents are being provided to the plurality of current-steering cells.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein determining the one or more calibration DAC signals includes:
determining a first calibration DAC signal when the positive output node is coupled to the first input of the comparator and the negative output node is coupled to the second input of the comparator; and
determining a second calibration DAC signal when the negative output node is coupled to the first input of the comparator and the positive output node is coupled to the second input of the comparator.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the first calibration DAC signal and the second calibration DAC signal are determined based on the output signal of the comparator using a digital controller configured to perform a binary search algorithm.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the one or more calibration DAC signals are determined based on the output signal of the comparator using a digital controller configured to perform a binary search algorithm.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the plurality of current-steering cells includes least significant bit (LSB) current-steering cells and most significant bit (MSB) current-steering cells; and
the one or more calibration DACs include a calibration DAC for each of the MSB current-steering cells.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein each of the plurality of current-steering cells includes:
a current source;
a first current-steering switch coupled to the current source;
a second current-steering switch coupled to the current source;
a first cascode transistor coupled to the first current-steering switch; and
a second cascode transistor coupled to the second current-steering switch.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein generating the one or more currents includes:
generating a first current provided to a node between the first current-steering switch and the first cascode transistor; and
generating a second current provided to a node between the second current-steering switch and the second cascode transistor, an amount of the first current being different than an amount of the second current.
22. The method of claim 15 , wherein each of the one or more calibration DACs includes at least two current sources, each current source being coupled to at least two current-steering switches.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein generating the one or more currents comprises controlling the at least two current-steering switches based on the one or more calibration DAC signals.
24. The method of claim 22 , further comprising:
providing a first current via a first current source of the at least two current sources; and
providing a second current via a second current source of the at least two current sources, an amount of the first current being different than an amount of the second current.
25. An apparatus for digital-to-analog conversion, comprising:
means for determining one or more calibration digital-to-analog converter (DAC) signals associated with one or more direct-current (DC) offsets of a DAC circuit based on an output signal from a comparator, the comparator having a first input and a second input selectively coupled to a positive output node and a negative output node of the DAC circuit, wherein outputs of a plurality of current-steering cells of the DAC circuit are coupled to the positive output node and the negative output node; and
means for generating one or more currents to be provided to at least one of the plurality of current-steering cells based on the one or more calibration DAC signals, wherein the current-steering cells are configured to generate an analog signal while the one or more currents are provided to the plurality of current-steering cells.