Protection of switched capacitor power converter
Transient or fault conditions for a switched capacitor power converter are detected by measuring one or more of internal voltages and/or currents associated with switching elements (e.g., transistors) or phase nodes, or voltages or currents at terminals of the converter, and based on these measurements detect that a condition has occurred when the measurements deviate from a predetermined range. Upon detection of the condition fault control circuitry alters operation of the converter, for example, by using a high voltage switch to electrically disconnect at least some of the switching elements from one or more terminals of the converter, or by altering timing characteristics of the phase signals.
1. An integrated circuit (IC) for use with a voltage converter, comprising:
a fault detector, the fault detector capable to detect one or more fault events during operation of the voltage converter and generate one or more fault signals with respect to the one or more to be detected fault events;
wherein the voltage converter to comprise at least a set of switches and a set of capacitors arranged to form a configuration such that at least some of the switches operate in a manner to form an electrical connection of at least some of the capacitors to respective alternate voltages in successive stages of operation of the voltage converter, and
wherein the voltage converter to comprise a disconnect switch to have a drain-to-source (DS) voltage rating greater than an input voltage of the voltage converter and greater than a DS voltage rating of at least one switch in the set of switches;
wherein the one or more fault signals to signal the disconnect switch to electrically disconnect through at least one switch in the set of switches.
2. The IC of claim 1 , wherein the respective alternate voltages comprise ground and an output voltage level.
3. The IC of claim 1 , wherein the successive stages of operation of the voltage converter to comprise two alternating clocked phases of operation of the voltage converter to be driven in a non-overlapping manner.
4. The IC of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fault events comprising at least one of the following to be detected by the fault detector at a terminal or at a node of the voltage converter: a voltage above an overvoltage threshold, a voltage below an undervoltage threshold and/or a current above an overcurrent threshold.
5. The IC of claim 4 , wherein the overvoltage threshold, the undervoltage threshold and/or the overcurrent threshold comprise programmable settings.
6. The IC of claim 4 , wherein the fault detector comprises a voltage comparator and/or a current comparator to detect at least one of the following: the voltage above the overvoltage threshold, the voltage below the undervoltage threshold and/or the current above the overcurrent threshold.
7. The IC of claim 6 , wherein the fault detector includes a logical fault indicator to generate the one or more fault signals based at least in part on one or more signals from the voltage comparator and/or the current comparator.
8. The IC of claim 7 , wherein at least one of the one or more fault signals to be generated to comprise a latched fault signal.
9. The IC of claim 1 , wherein the DS voltage ratings comprise DS voltage breakdown ratings.
10. The IC of claim 1 , wherein the disconnect switch is included in the set of switches and the disconnect switch to have a drain-to-source (DS) voltage rating greater than a DS voltage rating of at least one other switch in the set of switches.
11. An apparatus comprising:
a voltage converter and a fault detector,
the voltage converter to comprise at least a set of switches and a set of capacitors arranged to form a configuration such that at least some of the switches operate in a manner to form an electrical connection of at least some of the capacitors to respective alternate voltages in successive stages of operation of the voltage converter;
the voltage converter to comprise a disconnect switch to have a drain-to-source (DS) voltage rating greater than an input voltage of the voltage converter and greater than a DS voltage rating of at least one switch in the set of switches;
the fault detector capable to detect one or more fault events during operation of the voltage converter and generate one or more fault signals with respect to the one or more to be detected fault events; and
the one or more fault signals to signal the disconnect switch to electrically disconnect at least one switch of the set of switches.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the DS voltage ratings comprise DS voltage breakdown ratings.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the respective alternate voltage levels comprise ground and an output voltage level and wherein the successive stages of operation of the voltage converter to comprise two alternating clocked phases of operation of the voltage converter to be driven in a non-overlapping manner.
14. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the one or more fault events comprising at least one of the following to be detected by the fault detector at a terminal or at a node of the voltage converter: a voltage above an overvoltage threshold, a voltage below an undervoltage threshold and/or a current above an overcurrent threshold.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the overvoltage threshold, the undervoltage level and/or the overcurrent threshold comprise programmable settings.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the fault detector comprises a voltage comparator and/or a current comparator to detect at least one of the following: the voltage above the overvoltage threshold, the voltage below the undervoltage threshold and/or the current above the overcurrent threshold.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the fault detector includes a logical fault indicator to generate the one or more fault signals based at least in part on one or more signals from the voltage comparator and/or the current comparator.
18. The IC of claim 1 , wherein upon detecting one or more fault events, the fault detector is to cause suspension of operation of the voltage converter.
19. The IC of claim 18 , wherein the operation comprises a clocked operation.
20. The IC of claim 1 , wherein upon detecting one or more fault events, the fault detector is to cause changing a logic state of one or more internal bits.
21. The IC of claim 1 , wherein upon detecting one or more fault events, the fault detector is to cause restarting the voltage converter.
22. The IC of claim 21 , wherein restarting the voltage converter comprises executing a startup operation sequence.
23. The IC of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fault events comprising at least one of the following to be detected by the fault detector of the voltage converter: a magnitude of a current flow polarity above a threshold.
24. The IC of claim 23 , wherein when the fault detector detects the magnitude of the current flow polarity above the threshold, the fault detector is to cause at least one switch of the set of switches to turn off.
25. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein upon detecting one or more fault events, the fault detector is to cause suspension of operation of the voltage converter.
26. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the operation comprises a clocked operation.
27. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein upon detecting one or more fault events, the fault detector is to cause changing a logic state of one or more internal bits.
28. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein upon detecting one or more fault events, the fault detector is to cause restarting the voltage converter.
29. The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein restarting the voltage converter comprises executing a startup operation sequence.
30. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the one or more fault events comprising at least one of the following to be detected by the fault detector of the voltage converter: a magnitude of a current flow polarity above a threshold.