Determining initial pore pressure
A method includes performing, on a core sample obtained from a reservoir and positioned in a permeability measurement assembly that includes a flow inlet, a permeability operation by flowing a test fluid from the flow inlet and into the core sample and changing an effective stress acting on the core sample. The method also includes determining a natural logarithm of permeability of the core sample as a function of the effective stress, and determining, as a function of the natural logarithm of permeability of the core sample, an initial pore pressure of the reservoir.
1 . A method, comprising:
performing, on a core sample obtained from a reservoir and positioned in a permeability measurement assembly that includes a flow inlet, a permeability operation by flowing a test fluid from the flow inlet and into the core sample and changing an effective stress acting on the core sample;
determining a natural logarithm of permeability of the core sample as a function of the effective stress; and
determining, as a function of the natural logarithm of permeability of the core sample, an initial pore pressure of the reservoir.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
before determining the initial pore pressure of the reservoir, determining, as a function of the natural logarithm of permeability of the core sample, an initial effective stress of the core sample; and
wherein determining the initial pore pressure of the reservoir comprises determining, as a function of the initial effective stress of the core sample, the initial pore pressure of the reservoir.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the initial effective stress of the core sample is a point of effective stress at which a rate of change of the natural logarithm of permeability increases.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein determining the initial effective stress of the core sample comprises generating a graph comprising an effective stress versus natural logarithm of permeability curve, and determining the initial effective stress of the core sample comprises determining a point of effective stress in the graph in which a slope of the curve increases.
5 . The method of claim 2 , wherein changing the effective stress comprises increasing the effective stress from a first value of effective stress that is less than the initial effective stress of the reservoir, to a value of effective stress that is greater than the initial effective stress of the reservoir.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein increasing the effective stress comprises increasing a pressure of a confining fluid residing within a pressurized container in which the core sample resides during the permeability operation.
7 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the initial effective stress of the reservoir is an initial effective stress of the core sample under reservoir conditions, and determining the initial pore pressure of the reservoir comprises determining the initial pore pressure of the reservoir and a predetermined overburden stress of the reservoir.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein determining the initial pore pressure of the reservoir comprises first determining the overburden stress of the reservoir as a function of i) depth of the core sample, ii) ground surface pressure, iii) gravitational acceleration, and iv) a density of overlying rock, and then subtracting the initial effective stress of the core sample under reservoir conditions from the overburden stress of the reservoir.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the permeability operation comprises using at least one of a steady-state flow method or a pressure pulse decay method.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective stress comprises a pressure differential between a pore pressure of the core sample and a confining pressure exerted on the core sample by a confining fluid, and increasing the effective stress comprises increasing the confining pressure while maintaining the pore pressure substantially constant.
11 . A method, comprising:
receiving, by a system comprising one or more computers in one or more locations, sensor feedback from one or more sensors of a core sample test assembly that comprises a flow inlet and a flow outlet, the core sample test assembly containing a core sample obtained from a reservoir, and the receiving comprising receiving the sensors feedback while the core sample test assembly performs a permeability operation on the core sample by flowing a test fluid from the flow inlet, across the core sample, and out of the flow outlet;
determining, by the system and as a function of the sensor feedback, an effective stress acting on the core sample as the effective stress acting on the core sample increases,
determining, by the system, a natural logarithm of permeability of the core sample as a function of the effective stress; and
determining, by the system and as a function of the natural logarithm of permeability of the core sample, an initial pore pressure of the reservoir.
12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
before determining the initial pore pressure of the reservoir, determining, by the system and as a function of the natural logarithm of permeability of the core sample, an initial effective stress of the core sample; and
wherein determining the initial pore pressure of the reservoir comprises determining, by the system and as a function of the initial effective stress of the core sample, the initial pore pressure of the sample.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the initial effective stress of the core sample is a point of effective stress at which a rate of change of the natural logarithm of permeability increases.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein determining the initial effective stress of the core sample comprises generating, by the system and on a user interface, a graph comprising an effective stress versus natural logarithm of permeability curve, and determining the initial effective stress of the core sample comprises determining a point of effective stress in the graph in which a slope of the curve increases.
15 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the initial effective stress of the core sample is an initial effective stress of the core sample under reservoir conditions, and determining the initial pore pressure of the reservoir comprises determining, by the system, the initial pore pressure of the reservoir as a function of the initial effective stress of the core sample under reservoir conditions and a predetermined overburden stress of the reservoir.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein determining the initial pore pressure of the reservoir comprises first determining, by the system, the overburden stress of the reservoir as a function of i) depth of the core sample, ii) ground surface pressure, iii) gravitational acceleration, and iv) a density of overlying rock, and then determining, by the system, a difference between i) the initial effective stress of the core sample under reservoir conditions and ii) the overburden stress of the reservoir.
17 . A system, comprising:
at least one processing device; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processing device, the memory storing instructions which, when executed, cause the at least one processing device to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by the processing device, sensor feedback from one or more sensors of a core sample test assembly that comprises a flow inlet and a flow outlet, the core sample test assembly containing a core sample obtained from a reservoir, and the receiving comprising receiving the sensors feedback while the core sample test assembly performs a permeability operation on the core sample by flowing a test fluid from the flow inlet, across the core sample, and out of the flow outlet;
determining, by the processing device and as a function of the sensor feedback, an effective stress acting on the core sample as the effective stress acting on the core sample increases,
determining, by the processing device, a natural logarithm of permeability of the core sample as a function of the effective stress; and
determining, by the processing device and as a function of the natural logarithm of permeability of the core sample, an initial pore pressure of the reservoir.
18 . The system of claim 17 , wherein the operations further comprise, before determining the initial pore pressure of the reservoir, determining, by the processing device and as a function of the natural logarithm of permeability of the core sample, an initial effective stress of the core sample, and wherein determining the initial pore pressure of the reservoir comprises determining, by the processing device and as a function of the initial effective stress of the core sample, the initial pore pressure of the reservoir.
19 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the initial effective stress of the core sample is a point of effective stress at which a rate of change of the natural logarithm of permeability increases.
20 . The system of claim 17 , wherein determining the initial effective stress of the core sample comprises generating, by the processing device, an effective stress versus natural logarithm of permeability curve, and determining the initial effective stress of the core sample comprises determining a point of effective stress in the graph in which a slope of the curve increases.