US 4017294A
· Sanford et al.
· 1977
[cited by applicant]
US 4518546A
· Greskovich et al.
· 1985
[cited by applicant]
US 4747973A
· Cusano et al.
· 1988
[cited by applicant]
US 4958080A
· Melcher
· 1990
[cited by applicant]
US 5003181A
· Morlotti
· 1991
[cited by applicant]
US 5124072A
· Dole et al.
· 1992
[cited by applicant]
US 5264154A
· Akiyama et al.
· 1993
[cited by applicant]
US 5318722A
· Tsoukala et al.
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
US 5521387A
· Riedner et al.
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
US 5998925A
· Shimizu et al.
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 6093347A
· Lynch et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6210605B1
· Srivastava et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6278832B1
· Zagumennyi et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6323489B1
· McClellan
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6437336B1
· Pauwels et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6498828B2
· Jiang
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6624420B1
· Chai et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6818896B2
· Pauwels et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6921901B1
· Chai et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6967330B1
· Lempicki et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 7102135B2
· Lecoq
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7132060B2
· Zagumennyi et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7138074B1
· Nakamura
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7151261B2
· Chai
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7166845B1
· Chai
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7180068B1
· Brecher et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7397034B2
· Chai et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7531036B2
· Shimura et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7531109B2
· LaCourse et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7595492B2
· Nakamura et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7618491B2
· Kurata et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7651632B2
· Ferrand et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7692153B2
· Shimizu et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7749323B2
· Shimura et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7863572B1
· Doty
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7947956B2
· Nakamura et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8034258B2
· Ferrand et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8062419B1
· Andreaco et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8158948B2
· Chou
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8278624B2
· Koschan et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8394195B2
· Andreaco et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8486300B2
· Gundiah et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8574458B2
· Ferrand et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8597542B2
· Nass
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8617422B2
· Koschan et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8728232B2
· Usui et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8999281B2
· Kurata et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9328288B2
· Cohen et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9543170B2
· Ferrand et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9868900B2
· Blahuta
· 2018
[cited by examiner]
US 20020144640A1
· Andreaco et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 20030020044A1
· Lyons et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20030062465A1
· Pauwels et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20030159643A1
· Sumiya et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20040245479A1
· Misawa et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20050104000A1
· Kindem et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050211906A1
· Tonami et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20100327227A1
· Kurata et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 20120119092A1
· Blahuta et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 20120126171A1
· Andreaco et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 20130327986A1
· Blahuta et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 20140061537A1
· Zagumennyi et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 20140291580A1
· Zagumennyi et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 20150069298A1
· Kurata et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 20210147748A1
· Blahuta et al.
· 2021
[cited by applicant]
CN 1109112A
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
CN 1390988A
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
CN 1404522A
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
CN 1636910A
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
CN 1847469A
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
CN 1926218A
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
CN 101545140A
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
CN 102477580A
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
CN 1926218B
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
CN 103975042A
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
CN 105986320A
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
CN 103249805B
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
CN 108186041A
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
CN 210803733U
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
DE 19950087A1
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
DE 112011103780T5
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
EP 0097296B1
· 1986
[cited by applicant]
EP 0097295B1
· 1987
[cited by applicant]
EP 0795631A1
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
EP 1028154B1
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
EP 1466955A2
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
EP 1707613A1
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
EP 2758489B1
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
EP 3091060A1
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
FR 2967421B1
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
FR 2967420B1
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
GB 2499343A
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
JP H02300696A
· 1990
[cited by applicant]
JP H04321600A
· 1992
[cited by applicant]
JP H06287553A
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
JP H07252476A
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
JP 2000178554A
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
JP 2001294853A
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
JP 2001524163A
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
JP 2003253255A
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
JP 2004300418A
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
JP 2004339506A
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
JP 2006083275A
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
JP 2006199727A
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
JP 2006257199A
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
JP 2007001849A
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
JP 2007001850A
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
JP 2007016197A
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
JP 2007246653A
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
JP 2008509270A
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
JP 2009046598A
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
JP 2014505742A
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
JP 2014526587A
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
JP 5984940B2
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
WO 9935512A1
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
WO 2004050792A1
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
WO 2005042812A1
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006018586A1
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006068130A1
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006071236A1
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2010136116A1
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
WO 2012066424A1
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
WO 2012066425A2
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
WO 2013041251A2
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
WO 2015185988A1
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
Rare Eearth Element: Electronic Structure and Ionic Radius, Encyclopedia Britannica, Pecharsky et al, last updated Mar. 16, 2025.
[cited by examiner]
Aitasalo, Tuomas et al., “Delayed Luminescence of Ce3+ doped Y2SiO5,” Optical Materials, Dec. 19, 2003, pp. 107-112, vol. 26, Elsevier.
[cited by applicant]
Alba et al., “Formation of High-Temperature Lutetium Disilicate from Lutetium-Saturated Aluminosilicates in Mild Conditions. Incorporation of Si and Al XAS Techniques to the Study of These Systems,” 100 J. Phys. Chem. 5…
[cited by applicant]
Assefa, Zerihun et al., “Correlation of the oxidation state of cerium in sol-gel glasses as a function of thermal treatment via optical spectroscopy and XANES studies,” Spectrochimica Acta Part A, Oct. 13, 2003, pp. 187…
[cited by applicant]
Blahuta, S. et al., “Evidence and Consequences of Ce4+ in LYSO: Ce, Ca and LYSO: Ce, Mg Single Crystals for Medical Imaging Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 60, No. 4, Aug. 2013, pp. 3134-3141.
[cited by applicant]
Derenzo, Stephen et al., “Scintillation Properties,” 14 pages, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Feb. 12, 2009, US, http://scintillator.lbl.gov.
[cited by applicant]
Ding, Dongzhou et al., “Air Atmosphere Annealing Effects on LSO:Ce Crystal,” IEEE Transaction on Nuclear Science, Jun. 1, 2010, pp. 1272-1277, vol. 57, No. 3, IEEE Service Center, New York, US.
[cited by applicant]
Dorenbos, P., “The 5d level positions of the trivalent lanthanides in inorganic compounds,” Journal of Luminescence, Apr. 3, 2000, pp. 155-176, vol. 91, Elsevier.
[cited by applicant]
Feng, He et al., “Annealing effects on Czochralski grown Lu2Si207:Ce3+ crystals under different atmospheres,” Journal of Applied Physics, Apr. 22, 2008, p. 83109, vol. 103, No. 8, American Institute of Physics, New York…
[cited by applicant]
Fleet Michael E. et al., “The Structure of NaCa2LuSi2O7F2, A Synthetic Phase of the Cuspidine Group,” The Canadian Mineralogist, 1995, vol. 33, pp. 879-884.
[cited by applicant]
Friedrich, Stephan et al., “A 36-Pixel Tunnel Junction Soft X-Ray Spectrometer for Scintillator Material Science,” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Jun. 2007, pp. 351-354, vol. 17, No. 2, IEEE.
[cited by applicant]
Hautefeuille, B. et al., “Shaped crystal growth of Ce3+-doped Lu2(1-x)Y2xSIO5 oxyorthosilicate for scintillator applications by pulling-down technique,” Journal of Crystal Growth, Jan. 10, 2006, pp. 172-177, vol. 289, E…
[cited by applicant]
He, Ming et al., “Growth and optical properties of YBa3B9O18:Ce crystals,” Journal of Crystal Growth, Jun. 23, 2007, pp. 427-431, vol. 307, Elsevier.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report for PCT/EP2012/059055, dated Apr. 25, 2013, 28 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report for PCT/IB2011/003026, dated Mar. 29, 2012, 16 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report for PCT/IB2011/003028, dated Jun. 12, 2012, 12 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Kurata, Y. et al., “Scintillation Characteristics of GSO Single Crystal Grown Under O2-Containing Atmosphere,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Aug. 1995, pp. 1038-1040, vol. 42, No. 4.
[cited by applicant]
Mansuy, Christelle et al., “Molecular design of inorganic scintillators: from alkoxides to scintillating materials,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, Jan. 1, 2004, p. 3274-3280, vol. 14, No. 21.
[cited by applicant]
Mckeever, “Thermoluminescence of solids,” Cambridge Solid State Science Series, pp. 1-3, pp. 143-147, Cambridge University Press.
[cited by applicant]
Melcher et al., “Czochralski growth of rare earth oxyorthosilicate single crystals,” Journal of Crystal Growth, Mar. 1, 1993, pp. 1001-1005, vol. 128, No. 1-4, Elsevier, Amsterdam, NL.
[cited by applicant]
Melcher, C. et al., “Cerium Oxidation State in LSO:Ce Scintillators,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Oct. 2005, pp. 1809-1812, vol. 52, No. 5.
[cited by applicant]
Naik, Y.P. et al., “Synthesis and luminescence investigation of RE3+ (Eu3+, Tb3+ and Ce3+)-doped lithium silicate (Li2SiO3),” Journal of Luminescence, Jun. 7, 2009, pp. 1225-1229, vol. 129, Elsevier.
[cited by applicant]
Peak, Jonathan D. et al., “Combinatorial thin film sputtering investigation of cerium concentration in Lu2SiO5 scintillators,” Journal of Luminescence, Mar. 2, 2010, pp. 1366-1370, vol. 130, Elsevier.
[cited by applicant]
Peter et al., “Etching studies on lutetium yttrium orthosilicate LuxY2-xSiO5:Ce (LYSO) scintillator crystals,” 11th Europhysical Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials, 2010, pp. 1-6, IOP Publishing Ltd.
[cited by applicant]
Potdevin, A. et al., “Structural, morphological and scintillation properties of Ce3+-doped Y3Al5O12 powders and films elaborated by the sol-gel process,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, Jul. 7, 2011, pp. 500-506, vol. …
[cited by applicant]
Preliminary Search Report for FR1059394, dated Jan. 28, 2011, 10 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Shimura, N. et al., “Zr doped GSO:Ce single crystals and their scintillation performance,” Oct. 2004, 4 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Yang, Kan et al., “Effects of Calcium Codoping on Charge Traps in LSO:Ce Crystals,” IEEE Transaction on Nuclear Science, Oct. 1, 2009, pp. 2960-2965, vol. 56, No. 5, IEEE Service Center, New York, US.
[cited by applicant]
Yang, Kan et al., “Luminescence centers in calcium co-doped LSO:Ce single crystals,” 2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, Oct. 24, 2009, pp. 1-5, IEEE, Orlando, US.
[cited by applicant]
Zavartsev, Yuri D. et al., “Czochralski growth and characterisation of large Ce3+:Lu2SiO5 single crystals co-doped with Mg2+ or Ca2+ or Tb3+ for scintillators,” Journal of Crystal Growth, Jan. 1, 2005, pp. e2167-e2171, …
[cited by applicant]
Zhu, Fang et al., “The influence on intrinsic light emission of calcium tungstate and molybdate powders by multivalence PR codoping,” Applied Physics A, Jul. 21, 2010, pp. 689-693, vol. 101, Springer-Verlag.
[cited by applicant]
Laishun Qin, et al., “Growth and characteristics of LYSO (Lu2(1-x-y)Y2xSiO5:Cey) scintillation crystals,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 281 (2005) pp. 518-524.
[cited by applicant]
Letter from Allen, Dyer, Doppelt & Gilchrist, P.A. to Hill, Ward & Henderson, P.A. and Kirkland & Ellis, LLP re Saint-Gobain Cristaux et Detecteurs V. Crystal Photonics, Inc. Case, dated Sep. 16, 2021, 94 pgs.
[cited by applicant]