Granted Patent B2

US 12,225,760 · App. 18/599,472 · Granted Feb 11, 2025

Inventors: Michael Fusella (Lawrenceville, NJ); Nicholas J. Thompson (New Hope, PA)

Assignee: Universal Display Corporation

H10K50/85H01L33/44H10K50/11H10K2101/10H10K2101/30H10K2102/3031H10K2102/331

Abstract

Claims (39)

1. A device comprising:

a substrate;

a first electrode;

an organic emissive layer comprising an organic emissive material disposed over the first electrode; and

an enhancement layer, comprising a plasmonic material exhibiting surface plasmon resonance that non-radiatively couples to the organic emissive material and transfers excited state energy from the organic emissive material to the non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polaritons, disposed over the organic emissive layer,

wherein the enhancement layer is provided no more than a threshold distance away from the organic emissive layer,

wherein the organic emissive material has a total non-radiative decay rate constant and a total radiative decay rate constant due to the presence of the enhancement layer, and the threshold distance is where the total non-radiative decay rate constant is equal to the total radiative decay rate constant; and

wherein at least one of the organic emissive material and the organic emissive layer has a vertical dipole ratio (VDR) value equal or greater than 0.33 and wherein at least one of the substrate, the first electrode, organic emissive layer, or enhancement layer are corrugated.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the organic emissive layer has a vertical dipole ratio (VDR) value equal or greater than 0.33.

3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the organic emissive material has a vertical dipole ratio (VDR) value equal or greater than 0.33.

4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the organic emissive layer comprises:

a first layer comprising the organic emissive material; and

a second layer disposed immediately adjacent to the first layer and comprising a second material.

5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the first layer and the second layer satisfy the condition 0≤Ex−ΔE, where Ex is the lowest emissive state energy level of the first layer or the second layer, and ΔE is the difference between a highest HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) energy level and a lowest LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) energy level within the organic emissive layer.

6. The device of claim 5 , wherein Ex is the lowest triplet (T 1 ) energy level of the first layer and the first layer is phosphorescent.

7. The device of claim 5 , wherein Ex is the lowest singlet (S1) energy level of the first layer and the first layer is fluorescent.

8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the organic emissive material is a phosphorescent material.

9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the organic emissive material is a fluorescent material.

10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the organic emissive material is a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) material.

11. The device of claim 1 , wherein emission originates from a combination of materials within the organic emissive layer.

12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the combination of materials of the organic emissive layer comprises a first material and a second material, wherein an exciplex is formed within the organic emissive layer.

13. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an outcoupling structure that comprises a plurality of nanoparticles.

14. The device of claim 13 , further comprising:

a material disposed between the enhancement layer and the plurality of nanoparticles.

15. The device of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are formed from at least one selected from the group consisting of: Ag particles, Al particles, Ag—Al alloys, Au particles, Au—Ag alloys, dielectric material, semiconductor materials, an alloy of metal, a mixture of dielectric materials, a stack of one or more materials, and a core of one type of material and that is coated with a shell of a different type of material.

16. The device of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are coated.

17. The device of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are metallic and coated with a non-metallic coating.

18. The device of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of nanoparticles include at least one from the group consisting of: a metal, a dielectric material, and a hybrid of metal and dielectric material.

19. The device of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are coated with an oxide layer, and

wherein a thickness of the oxide layer is selected to tune a plasmonic resonance wavelength of the plurality of nanoparticles or a nanopatch antenna.

20. A consumer product comprising:

a substrate;

a first electrode;

an organic emissive layer comprising an organic emissive material disposed over the first electrode; and

an enhancement layer, comprising a plasmonic material exhibiting surface plasmon resonance that non-radiatively couples to the organic emissive material and transfers excited state energy from the organic emissive material to the non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polaritons, disposed over the organic emissive layer,

wherein the enhancement layer is provided no more than a threshold distance away from the organic emissive layer,

wherein the organic emissive material has a total non-radiative decay rate constant and a total radiative decay rate constant due to the presence of the enhancement layer, and the threshold distance is where the total non-radiative decay rate constant is equal to the total radiative decay rate constant; and

wherein the organic emissive layer has a vertical dipole ratio (VDR) value equal or greater than 0.33 and wherein at least one of the substrate, the first electrode, organic emissive layer, or enhancement layer are corrugated, and

wherein the consumer product is at least one type selected from the group consisting of: display screens, lighting devices such as discrete light source devices or lighting panels, flat panel displays, curved displays, computer monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, lights for interior or exterior illumination and/or signaling, heads-up displays, fully or partially transparent displays, flexible displays, rollable displays, foldable displays, stretchable displays, laser printers, telephones, cell phones, tablets, phablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wearable devices, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, micro-displays that are less than 2 inches diagonal, 3-D displays, vehicle, aviation displays, a large area wall, a video walls comprising multiple displays tiled together, theater or stadium screen, a light therapy device, a sign, augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) displays, displays or visual elements in glasses or contact lenses, light emitting diode (LED) wallpaper, LED jewelry, and clothing.

Assignments (1)

Continuity (12)

References Cited (234)