System and method for reducing drivetrain coupling torques after a grid event
A method for controlling a power generating asset connected to an electrical grid includes receiving a grid power limit associated with a grid event and, based on the grid power limit, determining a target grid power for the generator during recovery from the grid event. During the recovery, a first power softening function is implemented that includes receiving at least one of a torsional angle signal or change in speed signal associated with the drivetrain. Upon the torsional angle or change in speed crossing a threshold value, the method decrease a power command on the generator below the target grid power to reduce the torsional angle at a later point in time. A power difference between the target grid power and the decreased power command of the generator is determined and power is supplied from an energy storage device in communication with the converter to make up the power difference.
1. A method for controlling a power generating asset connected to an electrical grid, the power generating asset having a power converter and a drivetrain connected to a generator, the method comprising:
receiving, via a controller, a grid power limit associated with a grid event occurring in the electrical grid;
based on the grid power limit, determining a target grid power for the generator during recovery from the grid event;
during the recovery from the grid event, implementing, via the controller, a first power softening function, the first power softening function comprising:
receiving at least one of a torsional angle signal or change in speed signal associated with the drivetrain;
upon at least one of the torsional angle or change in speed crossing a threshold value, decreasing a power command on the generator below the target grid power to reduce the torsional angle at a later point in time;
determining a power difference between the target grid power and the decreased power command of the generator; and
supplying power from an energy storage device in communication with the converter to make up the power difference.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the threshold value reflects a torsional angle indicative of a torque reversal between two or more components on the drivetrain.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the power command on the generator is decreased in proportion to a rate of change of the torsional angle following the torque reversal, and wherein the power supplied from the energy storage device is increased based on the difference between the target grid power and the reduced power command on the generator so that the total power injected into the grid follows the target grid power.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the threshold value reflects a change in speed indicative of a decreasing speed associated with the drivetrain.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the power command on the generator is temporarily frozen or increased at a slower rate than the target grid power following the indication of a decreasing speed associated with the drivetrain.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising increasing the power command on the generator toward the target grid power when a phase of the torsional angle is decreasing or the speed is increasing during recovery from the grid event.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising implementing, via the controller, a second power softening function during the grid event but before the recovery from grid event, the second power softening function comprising:
increasing the power command on the generator to above the target grid power during the grid event; and
diverting excess power generated by the generator above the target grid power requirement to the energy storage device.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein once the energy storage device is charged or a charging rate limit on the energy storage device is reached, the excess power generated by the generator is dissipated via a dynamic brake in the power converter.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising computing the grid power limit as a function of at least one of a voltage feedback or a phase locked loop (PLL) error signal.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the power generating asset is a wind turbine.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device is one or both of a battery and an ultracapacitor.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the grid event comprises one of a low-voltage ride through event (LVRT) or a zero-voltage ride through (ZVRT) event.
13. A power generating asset connected to an electrical grid, the power generating asset comprising:
a generator;
a power converter coupled to the generator; and
a controller comprising at least one processor configured to perform a plurality of operations, the plurality of operations comprising:
receiving a grid power limit associated with a grid event occurring in the electrical grid;
based on the grid power limit, determining a target grid power for the generator during recovery from the grid event;
during the grid event, implementing a first power softening function, the first power softening function comprising:
receiving at least one of a torsional angle signal or change in speed signal associated with the drivetrain;
upon at least one of the torsional angle or change in speed crossing a threshold value, decreasing a power command on the generator below the target grid power to reduce the torsional angle at a later point in time;
determining a power difference between the target grid power and the decreased power command of the generator; and
supplying power from an energy storage device in communication with the converter to make up the power difference.
14. The power generating asset of claim 13 , wherein the first power softening function includes decreasing the power command on the generator in proportion to a rate of change of the torsional angle following the torque reversal, and wherein the power supplied from the energy storage device is increased based on the difference between the target grid power and the reduced power command on the generator so that the total power injected into the grid follows the target grid power.
15. The power generating asset of claim 14 , wherein the threshold value reflects a change in speed indicative of a decreasing speed associated with the drivetrain and the first power softening function includes temporarily freezing or increasing the power command on the generator at a slower rate than the target grid power following the indication of a decreasing speed associated with the drivetrain.
16. The power generating asset of claim 13 , wherein the first power softening function includes increasing the power command on the generator toward the target grid power when a phase of the torsional angle is decreasing or the speed is increasing during recovery from the grid event.
17. The power generating asset of claim 13 , wherein the controller is further configured to implement a second power softening function during recovery from the grid event but before the recovery from grid event, the second power softening function comprising:
increasing the power command on the generator to above the target grid power during the grid event; and
diverting excess power generated by the generator above the target grid power requirement to the energy storage device.
18. The power generating asset of claim 17 , wherein once the energy storage device is charged, the controller is configured to dissipate the excess power generated by the generator via a dynamic brake in the power converter.
19. The power generating asset of claim 17 , wherein once a charging rate limit on the energy storage device is reached, the controller is configured to dissipate remaining excess power generated by the generator via a dynamic brake in the power converter.
20. The power generating asset of claim 13 , wherein the power generating asset is a wind turbine.