Energy storage and delivery system and method
An energy storage and delivery system includes an elevator cage, where the elevator cage is operable to move one or more blocks from a lower elevation to a higher elevation to store energy (e.g., via the potential energy of the block in the higher elevation) and operable to move one or more blocks from the higher elevation to the lower elevation (e.g., by gravity) to generate electricity (e.g., via the kinetic energy of the block when moved to the lower elevation). The blocks are moved between the lower elevation and the higher elevation by an equal vertical distance.
1. An energy storage and delivery system, comprising:
a frame having a vertical height above a foundation defined by a plurality of rows that extend horizontally;
one or more elevator shafts disposed on an end of the plurality of rows;
an elevator cage assembly movably disposed in the one or more elevator shafts, the elevator cage assembly comprising:
an elevator cage sized to hold and support one or more blocks, the elevator cage having a top support, a rear support attached to the top support and extending transverse to the top support, and a bottom support attached to and extending transverse to the rear support; and
a base positioned underneath the elevator cage and slidably coupled to the elevator cage; and
a lift drive system for moving the elevator cage assembly, the lift drive system comprising:
an electric motor-generator configured to rotate a shaft;
one or more cables extending from a first end attached to the elevator cage assembly, at least partially around the shaft, and to a second end attached to a counterweight;
a first pulley disposed vertically above the elevator cage assembly and operable to maintain the one or more cables in a vertical orientation as the elevator cage assembly moves up and down the one or more elevator shafts; and
a second pulley spaced from the first pulley and disposed vertically above the counterweight, the second pulley operable to maintain the one or more cables in the vertical orientation as the counterweight moves up and down the one or more elevator shafts;
wherein the elevator cage is configured to move laterally in a first direction and in a second direction opposite the first direction relative to the base to pick-up or drop-off the one or more blocks; and
wherein the first pulley is actuatable to move laterally with the elevator cage to maintain the vertical orientation of the one or more cables as the elevator cage moves laterally to pick-up or drop-off the one or more blocks.
2. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the first pulley inhibits the one or more cables from applying a tilting force or moment on the elevator cage assembly during lateral movement of the elevator cage.
3. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the first pulley is movably coupled to a sliding mechanism to move the first pulley laterally to maintain the one or more cables in the vertical orientation.
4. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the lift drive system further comprises a second electric motor-generator configured to rotate a second shaft offset laterally from the electric motor-generator and the shaft.
5. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 4 , wherein a second one or more cables extend at least partially around a second elevator cage assembly and around the second shaft, and wherein a pulley is disposed vertically above the second elevator cage assembly to maintain the second one or more cables in the vertical orientation as the second elevator cage assembly moves up and the one or more elevator shafts.
6. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the elevator cage assembly comprises one or more supports actuatable to lift a block of the one or more blocks off of a pair of beams of the frame.
7. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 1 , further comprising a sliding assembly including a linear actuator operable to move the elevator cage laterally relative to the base, wherein the sliding assembly includes one or more rails interposed between and coupled to the base and the elevator cage operable to allow lateral movement of the elevator cage relative to the base.
8. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the elevator cage comprises one or more sidewalls extending between the bottom support and the top support.
9. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the elevator cage has a C-shaped cross section.
10. An energy storage and delivery system, comprising:
a frame having a vertical height above a foundation defined by a plurality of rows that extend horizontally;
one or more elevator shafts disposed on an end of the plurality of rows;
an elevator cage assembly movably disposed in the one or more elevator shafts, the elevator cage assembly comprising an elevator cage sized to hold and support one or more blocks, the elevator cage having a top support, a rear support attached to the top support and extending transverse to the top support, and a bottom support attached to and extending transverse to the rear support; and
a lift drive system for moving the elevator cage assembly, the lift drive system comprising:
an electric motor-generator configured to rotate a shaft;
one or more cables extending from a first end attached to the elevator cage assembly, at least partially around the shaft, and to a second end attached to a counterweight;
a first pulley disposed vertically above the elevator cage assembly and operable to maintain the one or more cables in a vertical orientation as the elevator cage assembly moves up and down the one or more elevator shafts; and
a second pulley spaced apart from the first pulley and disposed vertically above the counterweight, the second pulley operable to maintain the one or more cables in the vertical orientation as the counterweight moves up and down the one or more elevator shafts;
wherein the elevator cage is configured to move laterally in a first direction and in a second direction opposite the first direction to pick-up or drop-off the one or more blocks; and
wherein the first pulley is actuatable to move laterally with the elevator cage to maintain the vertical orientation of the one or more cables as the elevator cage moves laterally to pick-up or drop-off the one or more blocks.
11. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 10 , wherein the first pulley inhibits the one or more cables from applying a tilting force or moment on the elevator cage assembly during lateral movement of the elevator cage.
12. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 10 , wherein the first pulley is movably coupled to a sliding mechanism to move the first pulley laterally to maintain the one or more cables in the vertical orientation.
13. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 10 , wherein the lift drive system further comprises a second electric motor-generator configured to rotate a second shaft offset laterally from the electric motor-generator and the shaft.
14. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 13 , wherein a second one or more cables extend at least partially around a second elevator cage assembly and around the second shaft, and wherein a pulley is disposed vertically above the second elevator cage assembly to maintain the second one or more cables in the vertical orientation as the second elevator cage assembly moves up and the one or more elevator shafts.
15. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 10 , wherein the elevator cage comprises one or more sidewalls extending between the bottom support and the top support.
16. The energy storage and delivery system of claim 10 , wherein the elevator cage has a C-shaped cross section.
17. A method for storing and generating electricity, comprising:
operating one or more elevator cages to move a plurality of blocks between a plurality of rows at different elevations of a frame, the plurality of rows extending horizontally along the frame;
wherein operating the one or more elevator cages includes:
horizontally moving the one or more elevator cages towards a row of the plurality of rows to pick up a block of the plurality of blocks;
horizontally moving the one or more elevator cages supporting the block away from the row of the plurality of rows and into one or more elevator shafts extending vertically along the frame;
vertically moving the one or more elevator cages supporting the block to a different elevation along the one or more elevator shafts and to a second row of the plurality of rows;
horizontally moving the one or more elevator cages supporting the block towards the second row of the plurality of rows to drop off the block;
horizontally moving the one or more elevator cages without the block away from the second row of the plurality of rows and into the one or more elevator shafts; and
vertically moving the one or more elevator cages without the block along the one or more elevator shafts to another row of the plurality of rows at another elevation of the frame.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein horizontally moving the one or more elevator cages towards the row or away from the row includes moving the one or more elevator cages relative to a base.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the one or more elevator cages have a C-shaped cross section.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein horizontally moving the one or more elevator cages towards the row or away from the row includes maintaining one or more cables attached to the one or more elevator cages in a vertical orientation as the one or more elevator cages move horizontally towards and away from the plurality of rows.