Particle size control of silyl chromate catalysts and uses thereof in fluidized bed reactors
Supported chromium (VI) catalysts containing a solid oxide, 0.05 to 5 wt. % chromium, and 0.2 to 20 wt. % carbon, in which the solid oxide or the catalyst has a particle size span from 0.5 to 1.4, less than 3 wt. % has a particle size greater than 100 μm, and less than 10 wt. % has a particle size less than 10 μm, can be contacted with an olefin monomer in a fluidized bed reactor or other suitable polymerization reactor to produce an olefin polymer. Representative ethylene-based polymers produced using the chromium catalysts have a HLMI of 4 to 70 g/10 min, a density from 0.93 to 0.96 g/cm 3 , from 150 to 680 ppm solid oxide (such as silica), from 0.5 to 3 ppm chromium, and a film gel count of less than 15 catalyst particle gels per ft 2 of 25 micron thick film and/or a gel count of less than or equal to 50 catalyst particles of greater than 100 μm (in diameter) per five grams of the ethylene polymer.
1 . A supported chromium (VI) catalyst comprising:
a solid oxide comprising silica-coated alumina; and
from 0.05 to 5 wt. % chromium, wherein the chromium has at least one triphenylsilyl ligand;
wherein the solid oxide or the catalyst is characterized by:
an average sphericity in a range from 0.5 to 1.0;
a wet particle density in a range from 1.05 to 2.0 g/cc; and
(A) an amount of the solid oxide or the catalyst with a particle size greater than 100 μm of less than or equal to 3 wt. %, and a particle size span ((d90-d10)/d50) in a range from 0.5 to 1.4; or
(B) an amount of the solid oxide or the catalyst with a particle size greater than 100 μm of less than or equal to 0.5 wt. %, and an amount of the solid oxide or the catalyst with a particle size less than 10 μm of less than or equal to 10 wt. %; or both (A) and (B).
2 . The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is treated with an organoaluminium compound at a molar ratio of aluminum to chromium of from 1:1 to 10:1.
3 . The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein:
the catalyst comprises from 0.1 to 0.4 wt. % chromium;
the organoaluminium compound comprises diethylaluminum ethoxide; and
the molar ratio of aluminum to chromium is from 2:1 to 5:1.
4 . The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the silica-coated alumina has an alumina content from 5 wt. % to 95 wt. %.
5 . The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the silica-coated alumina has an alumina content from 60 wt. % to 90 wt. %.
6 . The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the average sphericity of the catalyst is in a range from 0.7 to 1.0.
7 . A polymerization process comprising contacting the supported chromium catalyst of claim 1 and an optional co-catalyst with an olefin monomer and an optional olefin comonomer in a polymerization reactor system comprising a fluidized bed reactor under polymerization conditions to produce an olefin polymer.
8 . The process of claim 7 , wherein a linear velocity of a fluidizing gas stream in the fluidized bed reactor is in a range from 0.05 to 0.35 ft/sec.
9 . A supported chromium (VI) catalyst comprising:
a solid oxide comprising silica-coated alumina;
from 0.05 to 5 wt. % chromium; and
from 0.2 to 20 wt. % carbon;
wherein the solid oxide or the catalyst is characterized by:
an average sphericity in a range from 0.5 to 1.0;
a wet particle density in a range from 1.05 to 2.0 g/cc; and
(A) an amount of the solid oxide or the catalyst with a particle size greater than 100 μm of less than or equal to 3 wt. %, and a particle size span ((d90-d10)/d50) in a range from 0.5 to 1.4; or
(B) an amount of the solid oxide or the catalyst with a particle size greater than 100 μm of less than or equal to 0.5 wt. %, and an amount of the solid oxide or the catalyst with a particle size less than 10 μm of less than or equal to 10 wt. %; or
both (A) and (B).
10 . The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein:
the amount of the catalyst with a particle size greater than 100 μm is less than or equal to 2 wt. %; and
the particle size span ((d90-d10)/d50) is in a range from 0.7 to 1.35.
11 . The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein:
the amount of the catalyst with a particle size greater than 100 μm is less than or equal to 0.35 wt. %; and
the amount of the catalyst with a particle size less than 10 μm is less than or equal to 5 wt. %.
12 . The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises from 0.1 to 0.4 wt. % chromium.
13 . The catalyst of claim 12 , wherein at least 75 wt. % of the chromium is present in an oxidation state of six (Cr+6).
14 . The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has:
a total pore volume from 0.5 to 5 mL/g; and
a BET surface area from 200 to 700 m 2 /g.
15 . The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein a number of catalyst particles with a particle size greater than 75 μm is less than or equal to 10,000 per gram of the catalyst.
16 . The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a d50 average particle size from 15 to 50 μm.
17 . The process of claim 8 , wherein the olefin polymer comprises an ethylene polymer having:
a high load melt index (HLMI) in a range from 4 to 70 g/10 min;
a density in a range from 0.93 to 0.96 g/cm 3 ; and
a film gel count of less than or equal to 15 catalyst particle gels per ft 2 of 25 micron thick film, wherein film gels encompass a size in diameter of greater than 200 μm caused by the catalyst particles; and/or
a gel count of less than or equal to 50 catalyst particles of greater than 100 μm in diameter per 5 grams of the ethylene polymer;
wherein the ethylene polymer contains from 150 to 680 ppm solid oxide and from 0.5 to 3 ppm chromium.
18 . The catalyst of claim 9 , wherein the catalyst comprises from 0.5 to 8 wt. % carbon, and the silica-coated alumina has an alumina content from 60 wt. % to 90 wt. %.
19 . The catalyst of claim 9 , wherein the catalyst comprises from 0.1 to 0.4 wt. % chromium.
20 . The catalyst of claim 19 , wherein at least 85 wt. % of the chromium is present in an oxidation state of six (Cr+6).