Granted Patent
B2
US 12,672,935 · App. 18/948,054 · Granted Jul 7, 2026
Marker materials and forms for magnetic marker localization (MML)
Inventors:
Eric Mayes (Cambridge, GB); Quentin John Harmer (Cambridge, GB); Kevin Lorimer (Cambridge, GB); Quentin Andrew Pankhurst (Cambridge, GB)
Assignee:
ENDOMAGNETICS LTD
A61B90/39A61B5/05A61B5/4312A61B2017/00862A61B2090/3908A61B2090/3925A61B2090/3954A61B2090/3966A61B2090/3987A61B2090/3995A61B2562/0223
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Abstract
A magnetic marker for marking a site in tissue in the body. In one embodiment, the marker comprises a magnetic metallic glass. In another embodiment, the marker is in a non-spherical configuration having an anisotropy ratio less than 9. In yet another embodiment, the marker is in a non-spherical configuration having an anisotropy ratio less than 6. In yet another embodiment, the marker is in a non-spherical configuration having an anisotropy ratio less than 3.
Claims (28)
1 . An implantable marker for marking a tissue site, the implantable marker comprising:
a structure having at least a portion thereof formed of at least one magnetic material with a mass susceptibility of greater than 0.05 m 3 /kg,
wherein the structure is configured to change between a packed configuration and a deployed configuration,
wherein the packed configuration has a first anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility,
wherein the deployed configuration has a second anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility,
wherein the first anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is greater than the second anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility.
2 . The implantable magnetic marker of claim 1 , wherein the first anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is less than or equal to 5.
3 . The implantable magnetic marker of claim 1 , wherein the first anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is greater than 5.
4 . The implantable magnetic marker of claim 1 , wherein the first anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is less than or equal to 9.
5 . The implantable magnetic marker of claim 1 , wherein the first anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is greater than or equal to 9.
6 . The implantable magnetic marker of claim 1 , wherein the at least one magnetic material has a magnetic coercivity of less than about 79.6 kAm-1 (1000 Oe).
7 . The implantable magnetic marker of claim 1 , wherein the at least one magnetic material has a magnetic coercivity of less than about 500 Oe.
8 . The implantable magnetic marker of claim 1 , wherein the at least one magnetic material has a magnetic coercivity of less than about 100 Oe.
9 . The marker of claim 1 , wherein the structure comprises a first segment and a second segment.
10 . The marker of claim 9 , wherein the first segment comprises a solid material, wherein the second segment comprises a second material.
11 . The marker of claim 1 , wherein the deployed configuration has one or more shapes or combinations of one or more shapes.
12 . The marker of claim 11 , wherein the one or more shapes are selected from the group consisting of: a bead, a dumbbell, dumbbell-like forms, a cable, a ball of yarn, a cylinder, a wire, and a multi-stranded cable.
13 . The marker of claim 1 , wherein the structure is deployable using a needle.
14 . A method comprising:
providing an implantable marker for marking a tissue site in a packed configuration, wherein the packed configuration has a first anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility; and
changing the packed configuration of the implantable marker to a deployed configuration, wherein the deployed configuration has a second anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility,
wherein the first anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is greater than the second anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility,
wherein the implantable marker comprises at least one magnetic material with a mass susceptibility of greater than 0.05 m 3 /kg.
15 . The method of claim 14 further comprising localizing the implantable marker after implantation, using a hand-held probe, wherein the implantable marker is in the deployed configuration.
16 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the first anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is less than or equal to 5.
17 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the first anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is greater than 5.
18 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the first anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is less than or equal to 9.
19 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the first anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is greater than or equal to 9.
Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Jul 1, 2025
From: MAYES, ERIC; HARMER, QUENTIN JOHN; LORIMER, KEVIN; PANKHURST, QUENTIN ANDREW
To: ENDOMAGNETICS LTD.
Reel/Frame 071800/0715 →
Continuity (5)
Provisional Application
62170768
· Jun 4, 2015
References Cited (295)
US 2614164A
· Huston
· 1952
[cited by applicant]
US 3445928A
· Beynon
· 1969
[cited by applicant]
US 3449662A
· Wood
· 1969
[cited by applicant]
US 3492566A
· Gross
· 1970
[cited by applicant]
US 4324255A
· Branch et al.
· 1982
[cited by applicant]
US 4823113A
· Hasegawa
· 1989
[cited by examiner]
US 4825162A
· Roemer et al.
· 1989
[cited by applicant]
US 4983912A
· Roehrlein et al.
· 1991
[cited by applicant]
US 5005001A
· Cordery
· 1991
[cited by applicant]
US 5055288A
· Lewis et al.
· 1991
[cited by applicant]
US 5184070A
· Besendorfer et al.
· 1993
[cited by applicant]
US 5261403A
· Saito et al.
· 1993
[cited by applicant]
US 5293119A
· Podney
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
US 5313192A
· Ho
· 1994
[cited by examiner]
US 5363845A
· Chowdhury et al.
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
US 5402094A
· Enge
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
US 5414356A
· Yoshimura et al.
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
US 5416413A
· Leussler
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
US 5437280A
· Hussman
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
US 5512821A
· Ando et al.
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
US 5534778A
· Loos et al.
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
US 5537037A
· Otaka et al.
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
US 5657756A
· Vrba et al.
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 5666052A
· Sata
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 5766572A
· Hasegawa et al.
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5844140A
· Seale
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 5942209A
· Leavitt et al.
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 5997473A
· Taniguchi et al.
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
US 6076008A
· Bucholz
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6082366A
· Andrä et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6173715B1
· Sinanan et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6205352B1
· Carroll
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6230038B1
· von Gutfeld et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6270464B1
· Fulton, III et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6292678B1
· Hall
· 2001
[cited by examiner]
US 6304075B1
· Cordery
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6347241B2
· Burbank et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6352682B2
· Leavitt et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6356782B1
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6371904B1
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6394965B1
· Klein
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6406420B1
· McCarthy et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6418335B2
· Avrin et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6419847B1
· Toyota
· 2002
[cited by examiner]
US 6427081B1
· Burbank et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6445185B1
· Damadian et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6549800B1
· Atalar et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6592608B2
· Fisher et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6603308B2
· Itozaki et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6614084B1
· Cowburn
· 2003
[cited by examiner]
US 6638913B1
· Speck et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6662040B1
· Henrichs et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6662041B2
· Burbank et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6699205B2
· Fulton, III et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6725083B1
· Burbank et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6730042B2
· Fulton et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6766186B1
· Hoyns et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6815949B2
· Kandori et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6835572B1
· Mountford et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6850065B1
· Fujita et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6862470B2
· Burbank et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6889073B2
· Lampman et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6920346B2
· Kazandjian et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6949926B2
· Murakami et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6963769B1
· Balaban et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 6996433B2
· Burbank et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7009398B2
· Hahn et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7044957B2
· Foerster et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7084631B2
· Qu et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7116094B2
· Levin et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7229417B2
· Foerster et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7283868B2
· Ko et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7329414B2
· Fisher et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7335511B2
· Mountford et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7386338B2
· Hoppel et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7412275B2
· Marinelli
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7416533B2
· Gellman et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7479784B2
· Lee
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7525308B2
· Tsukuda et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7535363B2
· Gisselberg et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7570056B2
· Nakabayashi et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7625397B2
· Foerster et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7668582B2
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7676256B2
· Satragno et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7680524B2
· Ogawa et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7689267B2
· Prince
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7701209B1
· Green
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7702378B2
· Bolan et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7711407B2
· Hughes et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7744852B2
· Chernomorsky et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7776310B2
· Kaplan
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7783336B2
· Macfarlane et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7792569B2
· Burbank et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7877133B2
· Burbank et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7970454B2
· Jones et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7972619B2
· Fisher
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7983734B2
· Jones et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8050742B2
· Weizman
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8060183B2
· Leopold et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8062215B2
· Voegele et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8064987B2
· Carr, Jr.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8118754B1
· Flynn et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8137320B2
· Mark et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8174259B2
· Hattersley et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8219182B2
· Burbank et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8277391B2
· Foerster et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8280486B2
· Miller et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8292822B2
· Fulton et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8306602B2
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8320993B2
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8320994B2
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8452375B2
· Krag et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8470294B2
· Kaplan
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8600481B2
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8626269B2
· Jones et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8718745B2
· Burbank et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8821835B2
· Kaplan
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8880154B2
· Jones et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 20010006616A1
· Leavitt et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 20010011155A1
· Rapoport
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 20010012915A1
· Avrin et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 20010049481A1
· Fulton, III et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 20020019595A1
· Osborne et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 20020058883A1
· Fulton et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 20020107437A1
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 20020161298A1
· Burbank et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 20030016010A1
· Kandori et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20030141868A1
· Bajharev
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20030192557A1
· Krag et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20030214313A1
· Omura et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20030216632A1
· McClure et al.
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20040162477A1
· Okamura et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040204660A1
· Fulton et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20040236213A1
· Jones et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20050033157A1
· Klein et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050045192A1
· Fulton et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050059888A1
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050080338A1
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20050148863A1
· Okamura et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20060074295A1
· Kucharczyk et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060079770A1
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060079805A1
· Miller et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060079829A1
· Fulton et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060173283A1
· Axelsson et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20060293581A1
· Plewes et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20070082021A1
· Bates
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20080091120A1
· Fisher
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080097199A1
· Mullen
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080124281A1
· Gao
· 2008
[cited by examiner]
US 20080146914A1
· Polzin et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080228164A1
· Nicoson et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080294036A1
· Hoi et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20090024022A1
· Azar et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090082662A1
· Israel
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20100125191A1
· Sahin
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 20120229130A1
· Hattersley et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 20130066195A1
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 20140018663A1
· Harmer et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 20140051996A1
· Sirimanne et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 20150078535A1
· DeSena et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
CN 101087556
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
CN 104105456
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
DE 29724862
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
DE 102007009016A1
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
EP 0126580
· 1984
[cited by applicant]
EP 0595227
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
EP 0663599
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
EP 0948940A1
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
EP 1249207
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
EP 0966924
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
EP 1062911
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
EP 1284123
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
EP 1491147
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
EP 2267471
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
EP 2339343A1
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
FR 2689638
· 1993
[cited by applicant]
FR 2770779
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
GB 2109112A
· 1983
[cited by applicant]
GB 2425610
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
GB 2465771A
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
JP 02078983
· 1990
[cited by applicant]
JP 02281170
· 1990
[cited by applicant]
JP 05251774
· 1993
[cited by applicant]
JP 06324021
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
JP 08015229
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
JP 08248004
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
JP 08338864
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
JP 10038854
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
JP 2003149212
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
JP 2005168678
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
JP 2006030004
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
JP 09027057
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
WO 1995004287
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
WO 9807052
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
WO 200038579
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
WO 0108578
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
WO 0239917A1
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
WO 2002039917
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
WO 2005011512
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006009048
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006022786
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006067692
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006056739
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006117530
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2007034196A2
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
WO 2007053533
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
WO 2011033306
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
WO 2011067576
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
WO 2013114247
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
WO 2014013235A1
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
English translation of Office Action for Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-508306, dispatched in Nov. 8, 2011, 6 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Freitas, Jr., “Nanomedicine, vol. I: Basic Capabilities”, www.nanomedicine.com/NMI/8.2.1.2.htm, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, 1999, 4 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Reddy et al., “Preparation & Application of Magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites for protein purification and Metal Absorption”, International Conference on Advances in Polymer Technology, Feb. 26-27, 2010, pp. 83-97, India.
[cited by applicant]
European Search Report for EP 10180206, Nov. 23, 2010, 4 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Fagaly, “Squid Detection of Electronic Circuits”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 25, No. 2, Mar. 1989; pp. 1216-1218.
[cited by applicant]
Noguchi et al., “Sentinel Lymphadenectomy in Breast Cancer: Identification of Sentinel Lymph Node and Detection of Metastases”, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 53, 1999, pp. 97-104.
[cited by applicant]
Kim et al., “Near Infrared Fluorescent Type II Quantum Dots for Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping”, Nat Biotechnol., vol. 22(1), Jan. 2004, pp. 93-97.
[cited by applicant]
Gopee et al., “Migration of Intradermally Injected Quantum Dots to Sentinel Organs in Mice”, Toxicological Sciences, vol. 98(1), Apr. 2007, pp. 249-297.
[cited by applicant]
Soltesz et al., “Intraoperative Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping of the Lung Using Near-Infrared Fluorescent Quantum Dots”, Ann thorac. Surg., vol. 79(1), Jan. 2005, pp. 269-277 (reproduced from NUH Public Access).
[cited by applicant]
Peleg et al., “Implementing Metal Detector Technology and a Navidation System in the Removal of Shrapnel”, Computer Aided Surgery, vol. 14, No. 103, Dec. 2009, pp. 63-68.
[cited by applicant]
Conners, “Diagnostic Uses of Metal Detectors: A Review”, Int. J. Clin. Pract., vol. 59(8), Aug. 2005, Blackwell Publishing, pp. 946-949.
[cited by applicant]
Cash et al., “Breast Cancers: Noninvasive Method of Preoperative Localization with Three-Dimensional US and Surface Contour Mapping”, Published online before print Sep. 21, 2007, doi: 10.1148/radiol.2452060906, Nov. 200…
[cited by applicant]
Peleg et al., “Integration of Computer-Aided Navidation and Metal Detector Technology in the Removal of Shrapnel in Terror Attacks Casualties”, 7th Int. Conf. Computer-Aided Orthopaedic Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany, 200…
[cited by applicant]
Gunasekera et al., “Imaging Applications of Nanotechnolgy in Cancer”, Targeted Oncology, vol. 4, 2009, pp. 169-181.
[cited by applicant]
PCT International Search Report and PCT Written Opinion of International Searching Authority for International Patent Application No. PCT/GB2010/002233, mailed Mar. 16, 2011, (14 pages).
[cited by applicant]
Williamson S.J. et al.; “Biomagnetism”; Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials; XP000574230; 1981; vol. 22; pp. 129-201.
[cited by applicant]
Harnan, S.E. et al.; “Magnetic resonance for assessment of axillary lymph node status in early breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis”; EJSO The Journal of Cancer Surgery; 2011; vol. 37, pp. 928-936.
[cited by applicant]
Material Safety Data Sheet; Revision Date Mar. 5, 2007; Retrieved from the internet: URL:https://tools.lifetechnologies.com/content/sfs/msds/2007/11361DVIAL1:MTR-NAIV_EN.pdf [retrieved on Jun. 10, 2014]; abstract; (6 pa…
[cited by applicant]
Tsay, Tzong T. et al.; “Deep Cervical Lymph Flow Following the Infusion of Mannitol in Rabbits”; Life Sciences; 1997; vol. 61, No. 19; pp. 1929-1934.
[cited by applicant]
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/GB2013/051885 dated Nov. 14, 2013, 18 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Jakub et al., Current status of radioactive seed for localization of non palpable breast lesions, The American Journal of Surgery, Apr. 2010, vol. 199 No. 4, pp. 522-528.
[cited by applicant]
Meenach, “Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Hydrogel Nanocomposites for Cancer Therapy Applications,” 2010, Doctoral Dissertations, Paper 108, http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/108.
[cited by applicant]
Postma et al., “Localization of nonpalpable breast lesions,” Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther., 2011, vol. 11, No. 8, pp. 1295-1302.
[cited by applicant]
Communication from corresponding EP Application No. 16728722.6 dated Apr. 29, 2019.
[cited by applicant]
Groessinger et al., “Frequency Dependence of the Coercivity of Soft magnetic Materials”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 48(4):1473-1476 (2012).
[cited by applicant]
Drake; “Notes on Magnetic Measurements”; National Physical Laboratory Report; CETM; Nov. 1995; (25 pages).
[cited by applicant]
Fiorillo; “Measurements of Magnetic Material”; Metrologia; 47; (2010); S114-S142; (29 pages).
[cited by applicant]
BS EN 60404-7; “Method of measurement of the coercivity of magnetic materials in an open magnetic circuit”; BSI Group Headquarters; Part 7; (2016); (19 pages).
[cited by applicant]
BS EN 10330:2015; “Magnetic materials—Method of measurement of the coercivity of magnetic materials in an open magnetic circuit”; BSI Standards Publication; (2015); (16 pages).
[cited by applicant]
PCT International Search Report and PCT Written Opinion of International Searching Authority for International Patent Application No. PCT/GB2016/051649, mailed Nov. 25, (19 pages).
[cited by applicant]
Gubin, S.P. et al., “Magnetic nanoparticles: preparation, structure and properties”, Russian Chemical Reviews, (2005), pp. 489-520.
[cited by applicant]
Issa, Bashar et al., Magnetic Nanoparticles: Surface Effects and Properties Related to Biomedicine Applications:, International Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 14, (2016), pp. 21266-21305.
[cited by applicant]
Anonymous: “Coercivity—Wikipedia”, Jul. 8, 2015 (Jul. 8, 2015), XP055334649, Retrieved from the Internet: URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?t itle=Coercivity&oldid=670537509 [retrieved on Jan. 12, 2017].
[cited by applicant]
Anonymous: “Magnetic susceptibility—Wikipedia”, Dec. 8, 2022 (Dec. 8, 2022), XP093006269, Retrieved from the Internet: URL:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic _susceptibility [retrieved on Dec. 8, 2022] (5 pages).
[cited by applicant]
Vazquez, M., et al., “A Soft Magnetic Wire for Sensor Applications”, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol, GB, vol. 29, No. 4, Apr. 14, 1996 (Apr. 14, 1996), pp. 939-949.
[cited by applicant]
Reedlunn, Benjamin, et al., “Superelastic shape memory alloy cables: Part I—Isothermal tension experiments”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 50, No. 20-21, Oct. 1, 2013 (Oct. 1, 2013), pp. 3009-3026.
[cited by applicant]
European Search Report for Application No./Patent No. 22176363.4-1122 / 4085866 dated Dec. 13, 2022 (18 pages).
[cited by applicant]