Silicon parts having reduced metallic impurity concentration for plasma reaction chambers
Silicon parts of a semiconductor processing apparatus containing low levels of metal impurities that are highly mobile in silicon are provided. The silicon parts include, for example, rings, electrodes and electrode assemblies. The silicon parts can reduce metal contamination of wafers processed in plasma atmospheres.
1. A method of making a silicon part of a semiconductor processing apparatus, comprising:
cutting a silicon plate from a silicon material using a wire saw comprising copper or a copper alloy such that metal impurities including at least copper are removed from the wire saw and adhere to a cut surface of the silicon plate during the cutting;
treating at least the cut surface of the silicon plate with a solution to remove at least some of the copper from the surface region including the cut surface; and
annealing the treated silicon plate in an oxygen atmosphere to introduce oxygen into the silicon plate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal impurities further include at least one element selected from the group consisting of zinc, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and alkali metals, and the concentration of copper or of the at least one element on at least the cut surface of the silicon plate after the treating is less than about 100×10 10 atoms/cm 2 .
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of copper on at least the cut surface of the silicon plate after the treating is less than about 10×10 10 atoms/cm 2 .
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wire saw comprises an outer coating which consists essentially of copper or the copper alloy, and the copper is removed from the outer coating and adheres to at least the cut surface of the silicon plate during the cutting.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treating comprises contacting at least the cut surface of the silicon plate with an acidic solution or a basic solution effective to remove a portion of the silicon plate that contains the adhered metal impurities.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising rinsing the silicon plate after treating to remove substantially all of the acidic solution or basic solution from the silicon plate.
7. A method of making a silicon part of a semiconductor processing apparatus, comprising:
cutting a silicon plate from a silicon material using a wire saw comprising copper or a copper alloy such that metal impurities including at least copper are removed from the wire saw and adhere to a cut surface of the silicon plate during the cutting;
treating at least the cut surface of the silicon plate with a solution to remove at least some of the copper from the surface region including the cut surface, wherein the surface of the silicon plate is treated with the solution before the metal impurities including at least copper have had sufficient time to diffuse into the interior from the surface region of the silicon plate, the surface region having a thickness up to about 100 microns, and the treating removes metal impurities including at least copper in the surface region; and
optionally annealing the treated silicon plate.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silicon part is a ring.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silicon material is single crystal silicon.
10. A method of making a silicon electrode of a semiconductor processing apparatus, comprising:
cutting a silicon plate from a silicon material using a wire saw comprising copper or a copper alloy such that metal impurities including at least copper adhere to a cut surface of the silicon plate during the cutting;
treating at least the cut surface of the silicon plate with a solution to remove at least some of the copper from the surface region including the cut surface; and
annealing the treated silicon plate in an oxygen atmosphere to introduce oxygen into the silicon plate.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the silicon electrode is a planar showerhead electrode or a stepped showerhead electrode.
12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
annealing the treated silicon plate;
applying a bonding material to join opposed surfaces of a support member and the treated silicon plate; and
curing the bonding material to form a joint between the support member and the treated silicon plate.
13. A silicon electrode made by the method of claim 10 .
14. A method of processing a semiconductor wafer in a reaction chamber of a semiconductor processing apparatus, comprising:
placing a silicon electrode made by the method of claim 10 in a chamber of a semiconductor processing apparatus;
introducing a process gas into the chamber;
generating a plasma from the process gas by supplying radio frequency power to the silicon electrode and exciting the process gas into a plasma state; and
processing a semiconductor substrate in the chamber with the plasma.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising processing a plurality of semiconductor substrates in the chamber containing the silicon electrode.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the metal impurities further include at least one element selected from the group consisting of zinc, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and alkali metals, and the concentration of copper or the at least one element on at least the cut surface of the silicon plate after the treating is less than about 100×10 10 atoms/cm 2 .
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the concentration of copper on at least the cut surface of the silicon plate after the treating is less than about 10×10 10 atoms/cm 2 .
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cutting tool consists essentially of metal.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein the cutting tool consists essentially of metal.
20. A method of making a silicon electrode of a semiconductor processing apparatus, comprising:
cutting a silicon plate from a silicon material using a wire saw comprising copper or a copper alloy such that metal impurities including at least copper adhere to a cut surface of the silicon plate during the cutting;
treating at least the cut surface of the silicon plate with a solution to remove at least some of the copper from the surface region including the cut surface, wherein the silicon plate is treated with the solution before the copper has had sufficient time to diffuse into an interior of the silicon plate from the surface region, the surface region having a thickness up to about 100 microns, and the treating removes the copper in the surface region; and
optionally annealing the treated silicon plate.
21. The method of claim 10 , wherein the silicon plate has a thickness of from about 0.3 to 1 inch.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the silicon plate has a thickness of from about 0.4 to 1 inch.
23. A method of making a silicon electrode of a semiconductor processing apparatus, comprising:
cutting a silicon plate from a silicon material using a wire saw comprising an outer coating of copper or a copper alloy such that metal impurities including at least copper are removed from the wire saw and adhere to a cut surface of the silicon plate during the cutting;
treating at least the cut surface of the silicon plate with a solution to remove at least copper from the surface region including the cut surface; and
annealing the treated silicon plate in an oxygen atmosphere to introduce oxygen into the silicon plate.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the concentration of copper on at least the cut surface of the silicon plate after the treating is less than about 10×10 10 atoms/cm 2 .
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the silicon plate has a thickness of from about 0.3 to 1 inch.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the silicon plate has a thickness of from about 0.4 to 1 inch.