Method of fabricating fin field effect transistor using isotropic etching technique
Methods of fabricating a fin field effect transistor (FinFET) are disclosed. Embodiments of the invention provide methods of fabricating FinFETs by optimizing a method for forming the fin so that a short channel effect is prevented and high integration is achieved. Accordingly, the fin which has a difficulty in its formation using the current photolithography-etching technique may be readily formed.
1. A method of fabricating a fin field effect transistor (FinFET), the method comprising:
forming a hard mask pattern having a lower hard mask pattern and an upper hard mask pattern on a semiconductor substrate;
etching the semiconductor substrate, using the hard mask pattern as an etching mask, to form a trench therein, the trench defining an active region;
recessing sidewalls of the lower hard mask pattern;
forming an isolation layer that fills the trench and covers sidewalls of the recessed lower hard mask pattern and exposing an upper surface of the recessed lower hard mask pattern;
etching a predetermined region of the active region, using the recessed lower hard mask pattern as an etching mask, to form a fin;
removing the lower hard mask pattern to expose an upper surface of the fin; and
forming a gate electrode that covers the exposed upper surface and sidewalls of the fin, wherein the gate electrode is insulated from the fin.
2. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising forming a channel stopping region by implanting channel ions onto the semiconductor substrate, before forming the hard mask pattern.
3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein forming the isolation layer and exposing the upper surface of the recessed lower hard mask pattern includes:
forming an insulating layer on the semiconductor substrate having the recessed lower hard mask pattern; and
planarizing the insulating layer until the upper surface of the recessed lower hard mask pattern is exposed.
4. The method as recited in claim 3 , further comprising:
forming a photoresist pattern having a groove extending across the recessed lower hard mask pattern, on the semiconductor substrate having the isolation layer, before etching the predetermined region of the active region; and
removing the photoresist pattern, after etching the predetermined region of the active region.
5. The method as recited in claim 3 , further comprising selectively recessing the isolation layer to expose the upper surface of the active region after forming the isolation layer.
6. The method as recited in claim 5 , further comprising:
forming a photoresist pattern having a groove extending across the recessed lower hard mask pattern and the active region, on the semiconductor substrate having the recessed isolation layer, before etching the predetermined region of the active region; and
removing the photoresist pattern after etching the predetermined region of the active region.
7. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein forming the gate electrode includes:
forming a gate insulating layer that covers the upper surface and sidewalls of the fin;
forming a gate conductive layer and a gate hard mask layer overlying the gate insulating layer; and
sequentially patterning the gate hard mask layer and the gate conductive layer.
8. The method as recited in claim 7 , further comprising forming source and drain regions, after forming the gate electrode.
9. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising forming a channel stopping layer on the etched active region.
10. The method as recited in claim 9 , wherein forming the isolation layer and exposing the upper surface of the recessed lower hard mask pattern includes:
forming an insulating layer on the semiconductor substrate having the recessed lower hard mask pattern; and
planarizing the insulating layer until the upper surface of the recessed lower hard mask pattern is exposed.
11. The method as recited in claim 10 , further comprising:
forming a photoresist pattern having a groove extending across the recessed lower hard mask pattern, on the semiconductor substrate having the isolation layer, before etching the predetermined region of the active region; and
removing the photoresist pattern, after etching the predetermined region of the active region.