Two phase hydroprocessing
A process where the need to circulate hydrogen through the catalyst is eliminated is provided. This is accomplished by mixing and/or flashing the hydrogen and the oil to be treated in the presence of a solvent or diluent in which the hydrogen solubility is “high” relative to the feed. The type and amount of diluent added, as well as the reactor conditions, can be set so that all of the hydrogen required in the hydroprocessing reactions may be available in solution. The oil/diluent/hydrogen solution can then be fed to a plug flow reactor packed with catalyst where the oil and hydrogen react. No additional hydrogen is required, therefore, hydrogen recirculation is avoided and trickle bed operation of the reactors is avoided. Therefore, the large trickle bed reactors can be replaced by much smaller tubular reactor.
1. A hydroprocessing method comprising:
combining hydrogen and feed to be treated in the presence of a solvent or diluent wherein the percentage of hydrogen in solution is greater than the percentage of hydrogen in the feed to form a hydrogen-containing liquid mixture, and then contacting the liquid mixture with a catalyst in a reactor which contains about 10% or less of hydrogen gas by total volume of the reactor to at least one of remove contaminants, saturate aromatics or molecular weight reduction.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the reactor contains about 5% or less of hydrogen gas by total volume of the reactor.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the reactor contains about 3% or less of hydrogen gas by total volume of the reactor.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the reactor contains about 2% or less of hydrogen gas by total volume of the reactor.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the reactor contains about 1% or less of hydrogen gas by total volume of the reactor.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the solvent or diluent is selected from the group of heavy naphtha, propane, butane, pentane, light hydrocarbons, light distillates, naphtha, diesel, VGO, previously hydroprocessed stocks, or combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the feed is selected from the group of oil, petroleum fraction, distillate, resid, diesel fuel, deasphalted oil, waxes, lubes and specialty products.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the contaminants include at least one of sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, metals, or combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
wherein a portion of the reacted feed is recycled and mixed with the blended feed ahead of the reactor.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the process is a multi-stage process using a series of two or more reactors.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
the multiple reactors are used to remove at least one of sulpher, nitrogen, oxygen, metals and combinations thereof and then to saturate aromatics.
12. A hydroprocessing method comprising:
combining hydrogen and feed to be treated in the presence of a solvent or diluent wherein the percentage of hydrogen in solution is greater than the percentage of hydrogen in the feed to form a hydrogen-containing liquid mixture, and then contacting the liquid mixture with a catalyst in a reactor which contains about 5% or less of hydrogen gas by total volume of the reactor to at least one of remove contaminants, saturate aromatics or molecular weight reduction.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein:
the solvent or diluent is selected from the group of heavy naphtha, propane, butane, pentane, light hydrocarbons, light distillates, naphtha, diesel, VGO, previously hydroprocessed stocks, or combinations thereof.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein:
the feed is selected from the group of oil, petroleum fraction, distillate, resid, diesel fuel, deasphalted oil, waxes, lubes and specialty products.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein:
the contaminants include at least one of sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, metals, or combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein:
wherein a portion of the reacted feed is recycled and mixed with the blended feed ahead of the reactor.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein:
the process is a multi-stage process using a series of two or more reactors.
18. A hydroprocessing method comprising:
combining hydrogen and feed to be treated in the presence of a solvent or diluent wherein the percentage of hydrogen in solution is greater than the percentage of hydrogen in the feed to form a hydrogen-containing liquid mixture, and then contacting the liquid mixture with a catalyst in a reactor which contains about 3% or less of hydrogen gas by total volume of the reactor to at least one of remove contaminants, saturate aromatics or molecular weight reduction.