Semiconductor having a substantially uniform layer of electroplated metal
A method of electroplating metal onto a low conductivity layer combines a potential or current reversal waveform with variation in the amplitude and duration of the applied potential or current pulse. The method includes, over time, varying the duration of the pulse and continuously decreasing the amplitude of both the cathodic and anodic portions of the waveform across the surface of the low conductivity layer as the deposition zone moves from the center of the surface of the low conductivity layer to the outside edge. By virtue of the ability to vary the amplitude and duration of the pulse, the method facilitates the filling of structures in the center of the low conductivity layer without overdepositing on the outside edge, thus ensuring a controlled deposition of material across the surface of the low conductivity layer.
1. A semiconductor structure comprising:
a wafer comprising:
a substrate;
a layer of low conductivity material disposed on said substrate, said layer of low conductivity material comprising a plurality of trenches and a plurality of mesas; and
a layer of electroplated metal deposited within said plurality of trenches and over said plurality of mesas of said layer of low conductivity material, wherein said layer of electroplated metal is continuous and has a uniform thickness on upper surfaces of said mesas.
2. The semiconductor structure of claim 1 , wherein said layer of electroplated metal over said plurality of mesas has a uniform thickness from about 50 angstroms to about 3000 angstroms.
3. The semiconductor structure of claim 1 , wherein said layer of low conductivity material is a barrier layer.
4. The semiconductor structure of claim 1 , wherein said low conductivity material is selected from the group consisting of Ta, W, TaN/Ta, TaN, WN, W/WN, TaSiN, and TiSiN.
5. A semiconductor structure comprising:
a chip comprising:
a substrate;
a layer of low conductivity material disposed on said substrate, said layer of low conductivity material comprising a plurality of trenches and a plurality of mesas; and
a layer of electroplated metal deposited within said plurality of trenches and over said plurality of mesas of said layer of low conductivity material, wherein said layer of electroplated metal is continuous and has a uniform thickness on upper surfaces of said mesas.
6. A semiconductor structure comprising:
a memory chip comprising:
a substrate;
a layer of low conductivity material disposed on said substrate, said layer of low conductivity material comprising a plurality of trenches and a plurality of mesas; and
a layer of electroplated metal deposited within said plurality of trenches and over said plurality of mesas of said layer of low conductivity material, wherein said layer of electroplated metal is continuous and has a uniform thickness on upper surfaces of said mesas.