Epoxy enhanced polymer membrane to increase durability of biosensors
The present invention provides a polymer membrane enhanced with cured epoxy resin for use as the outer membrane of biosensors. The membrane includes approximately 30-80% epoxy resin adhesives, 10-60% polymer such as poly(vinyl chloride), polycarbonate and polyurethane and 0-30% plasticizers and 5-15% surface modifier reagent such as polyethylene oxide-containing block copolymers. Utilizing the polymer membrane of the present invention, a three-layered sensing element has been developed. This sensing element will be particularly useful for miniaturized biosensors used for in vitro blood measurements or for continuous in vivo monitoring such as implantable biosensors. This element includes an enzyme layer, an interference-eliminating layer and the novel polymer member of the present invention as the outer polymer layer. This novel sensing element shows excellent response characteristics in solutions and has an extremely long lifetime. This technology is particularly useful for improving the lifetime of implantable biosensors.
1. A permeable membrane for an implantable biosensor comprising a cured product of an epoxy resin enhanced polymer composition comprising:
at least one epoxy resin adhesive comprising an epoxy resin and a curing agent for curing the epoxy resin,
at least one polymer different from the epoxy resin adhesive, and
at least one water-immiscible organic solvent;
wherein the at least one epoxy resin adhesive accounts for about 10% to about 60% by weight of the permeable membrane; and
wherein the at least one polymer different from the epoxy resin adhesive accounts for about 30% to about 80% by weight of the permeable membrane.
2. The permeable membrane of claim 1 wherein the epoxy resin enhanced polymer composition further comprises a polyethylene oxide-containing block copolymer wherein the polyethylene oxide-containing block copolymer accounts for about 5% to about 15% by weight of the permeable membrane.
3. The permeable membrane of claim 1 wherein the epoxy-resin enhanced polymer composition optionally comprises one or more plasticizers wherein the one or more plasticizers accounts for up to about 30% by weight of the permeable membrane.
4. The permeable membrane coating of claim 3 wherein the one or more plasticizers is selected from the group consisting of dibutyl phthalate, butyl sebacate and triphenyl phosphate.
5. The permeable membrane of claim 1 wherein the epoxy resin enhanced polymer composition further comprises a polyethylene oxide-containing block copolymer and optionally comprises one or more plasticizers;
wherein the at least one epoxy resin adhesive accounts for about 30% to about 50% by weight of the permeable membrane;
wherein the at least one polymer different from said epoxy resin adhesive accounts for about 40% to about 70% by weight of the permeable membrane;
wherein the polyethylene oxide-containing block copolymer accounts for about 5% to about 10% by weight of the permeable membrane; and
wherein the one or more plasticizers accounts for up to about 30% by weight of the permeable membrane.
6. The permeable membrane of claim 1 wherein the epoxy resin adhesive is selected from the group consisting of heat-curable epoxy resin adhesives, light-curable epoxy resin adhesives and radiation-curable epoxy resin adhesives.
7. The permeable membrane of claim 1 wherein the epoxy resin adhesive is a heat-curable epoxy resin adhesive which can be cured at a temperature less than 120° C.
8. The permeable membrane of claim 1 wherein the epoxy resin adhesive is selected from the group consisting single component epoxy resin adhesives, two component epoxy resin adhesives and multiple component epoxy resin adhesives.
9. The permeable membrane of claim 1 wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyester, phosphorylcholine-containing copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, polycarbonate, poly(vinyl chloride), cellulose acetate, polyallylamine-polyaziridine, polyvinylidene chlorides, polyvinylidene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyacrylate, polymethylacrylate and polystyrene.
10. A multilayered sensing element for implantable long term biosensors comprising:
an immobilized enzyme layer formed on an electrode surface; and
a permeable membrane comprised of a cured product of an epoxy resin enhanced polymer composition whereby the permeable membrane is external to and surrounding the immobilized enzyme layer;
the epoxy resin enhanced polymer composition comprising:
at least one epoxy resin adhesive comprising an epoxy resin and a curing agent for curing the epoxy resin,
at least one polymer different from the epoxy resin adhesive, and
at least one organic solvent;
wherein the at least one epoxy resin adhesive accounts for about 10% to about 60% by weight of the permeable membrane; and
wherein the at least one a polymer different from the epoxy resin adhesive accounts for about 30% to about 80% by weight of the permeable membrane.
11. The multilayered sensing element of claim 10 wherein the epoxy resin enhanced composition further comprises a polyethylene oxide-containing block copolymer wherein the polyethylene oxide-containing block copolymer accounts for about 5% to about 15% by weight of the permeable membrane.
12. The multilayered sensing element of claim 10 wherein the epoxy resin enhanced composition optionally comprises one or more plasticizers wherein the one or more plasticizers accounts for up to about 30% by weight of the permeable membrane.
13. The multilayered sensing element of claim 10 further comprising an interference-eliminating layer spaced between the immobilized enzyme layer and the epoxy resin composition.
14. The multilayered sensing element of claim 13 wherein the interference-eliminating layer is a persulfonate ionomer.
15. The multilayered sensing element of claim 10 wherein the enzyme of the immobilized enzyme layer is selected from the group consisting of glucose oxidase and lactate oxidase.