Robust low resistance vapor sensor materials
Compositions for sensor films used for detecting chemical analytes within sensors, such as polymer-absorption chemiresistors (i.e., conductometric sensors) are provided. Robust sensor film compositions that have low resistance, high conductivity, and greater temperature stability and sensitivity to chemical analytes are provided, as well as methods of making these sensor films. Such sensor film compositions include a matrix having a polymer resin and a plurality of conductive particles comprising an axial-geometry conductive particle. Exemplary axial-geometry conductive particles comprise graphene, such as a carbon nanotube. Blends of conductive particles are also contemplated, including blends of axial-geometry conductive particles, such as carbon nanotubes, and carbon black.
1. A conductometric sensor film for detecting one or more chemical analytes comprising:
a polymer matrix comprising a crosslinked siloxane polymer and a plurality of particles comprising a conductive axial-geometry particle species homogeneously distributed within said matrix; and
wherein the sensor film exhibits a change in resistance when said crosslinked siloxane polymer interacts with one or more chemical analytes, wherein the sensor film is a low resistance sensor film having a base resistance of less than or equal to about 10 Ohm.
2. The sensor film according to claim 1 wherein said conductive axial-geometry particle species is selected from the group consisting of: whiskers, fibers, rods, filaments, tubes and mixtures thereof.
3. The sensor film according to claim 1 wherein said conductive axial-geometry particle species comprises carbon.
4. The sensor film according to claim 3 wherein said conductive axial-geometry particle species comprises graphene.
5. The sensor film according to claim 4 wherein at least one of said conductive axial-geometry particle species is a carbon nanotube.
6. The sensor film according to claim 5 wherein said carbon nanotube is selected from the group consisting of: single walled nanotubes, multiwalled nanotubes, and mixtures thereof.
7. The sensor film according to claim 5 wherein said carbon nanotube has a bulk electrical conductivity of greater than or equal to about 100 S/cm.
8. The sensor film according to claim 1 wherein said axial-geometry conductive particle species has an aspect ratio of greater than about 500.
9. The sensor film according to claim 1 wherein said plurality of particles further comprises a conductive carbon black particle species having an N 2 adsorption of between about 8 to about 25 m 2 /g and a DBP of about 1 to about 180 ml/100 g.
10. The sensor film according to claim 1 wherein said cross-linked siloxane polymer comprises a siloxane monomer having at least one hydrocarbon side group with greater than or equal to two carbon atoms.
11. The sensor film according to claim 1 wherein said crosslinked siloxane polymer comprises an octylmethylsiloxane monomer.
12. A conductometric sensor for detecting one or more chemical analytes comprising:
a sensor probe comprising one or more electrodes and a sensor film;
wherein the sensor film comprises a polymer matrix comprising a crosslinked siloxane polymer and a plurality of particles comprising a conductive axial-geometry particle species homogeneously distributed within said matrix;
wherein the sensor film is in electrical communication with the one or more electrodes and the sensor film exhibits a change in resistance when said crosslinked siloxane polymer interacts with one or more chemical analytes;
wherein the sensor probe generates an output signal corresponding to the change in resistance;
wherein the sensor film has a base resistance of less than or equal to about 10 Ohm.
13. The conductometric sensor according to claim 12 , wherein said conductive axial-geometry particle species comprises graphene.
14. The conductometric sensor according to claim 12 , wherein said conductive axial-geometry particle species is a carbon nanotube selected from the group consisting of: single walled nanotubes, multiwalled nanotubes, and mixtures thereof.
15. The conductometric sensor according to claim 14 wherein said carbon nanotube has a bulk electrical conductivity of greater than or equal to about 100 S/cm.
16. The conductometric sensor according to claim 12 wherein said plurality of particles further comprises a conductive carbon black particle species having an N 2 adsorption of between about 8 to about 25 m 2 /g and a DBP of about 1 to about 180 ml/100 g.
17. The conductometric sensor according to claim 12 wherein said cross-linked siloxane polymer comprises a siloxane monomer having at least one hydrocarbon side group with greater than or equal to two carbon atoms.
18. The conductometric sensor according to claim 12 wherein said crosslinked siloxane polymer comprises an octylmethylsiloxane monomer.