Method and apparatus for enhanced lifetime and performance of ion source in an ion implantation system
An ion implantation system and process, in which the performance and lifetime of the ion source of the ion implantation system are enhanced, by utilizing isotopically enriched dopant materials, or by utilizing dopant materials with supplemental gas(es) effective to provide such enhancement.
1. An ion implantation process, comprising:
flowing a dopant composition to an ion source;
generating ionic dopant species from the dopant composition at the ion source; and
implanting the ionic dopant species in a substrate,
wherein the dopant composition is selected from the group consisting of the following dopant compositions (i) and (ii):
(i) dopant compositions comprising one or more germanium compounds isotopically enriched to above natural abundance level of at least one germanium isotope of mass 70, 72, 73, 74 or 76, wherein the isotopically enriched level of said at least one germanium isotope is greater than 21.2% for mass 70 germanium isotope, greater than 27.3% for mass 72 germanium isotope, greater than 7.9% for mass 73 germanium isotope, greater than 37.1% for mass 74 germanium isotope, and greater than 7.4% for mass 76 germanium isotope; and
(ii) dopant compositions comprising a dopant gas and a supplemental gas, wherein the supplemental gas includes at least one of a diluent gas and a co-species gas, and wherein at least one of the dopant gas and, when present, a co-species gas, is isotopically enriched;
with the proviso that when the dopant composition of dopant composition (i) or isotopically enriched dopant gas or co-species gas of dopant composition (ii) consists of germanium tetrafluoride isotopically enriched in mass 72 germanium isotope, said isotopically enriched level is greater than 51.6% for the mass 72 germanium isotope.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dopant composition is selected from the group consisting of dopant compositions (i).
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the one or more isotopically enriched germanium compounds comprise germane.
4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the one or more isotopically enriched germanium compounds comprise germanium tetrafluoride.
5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the one or more isotopically enriched germanium compounds comprise germane and germanium tetrafluoride.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dopant composition is selected from the group consisting of dopant compositions (ii).
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the dopant composition comprises one or more germanium compounds isotopically enriched above natural abundance level of at least one germanium isotope of mass 70, 72, 73, 74 or 76.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the dopant composition comprises isotopically enriched germane.
9. The process of claim 7 , wherein the dopant composition comprises isotopically enriched germanium tetrafluoride.
10. The process of claim 7 , wherein the dopant composition comprises isotopically enriched germane and isotopically enriched germanium tetrafluoride.
11. The process of claim 6 , wherein said supplemental gas includes one or more diluent gas selected from the group consisting of argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, ammonia, fluorine and xenon.
12. The process of claim 6 , wherein said supplemental gas comprises one or more co-species gas selected from the group consisting of germanium tetrafluoride, germane, boron trifluoride, diborane, silicon tetrafluoride and silane.
13. The process of claim 6 , wherein said dopant gas is selected from the group consisting of germanium tetrafluoride, germane, boron trifluoride, diborane, silicon tetrafluoride and silane.
14. The process of claim 6 , wherein the dopant composition comprises a dopant gas formulation selected from the group consisting of:
(i) xenon, hydrogen, and isotopically enriched germanium tetrafluoride;
(ii) germane and isotopically enriched germanium tetrafluoride;
(iii) isotopically enriched germanium tetrafluoride and isotopically enriched germane;
(iv) xenon, hydrogen, and isotopically enriched boron trifluoride;
(v) diborane and isotopically enriched boron trifluoride; and
(vi) isotopically enriched boron trifluoride and isotopically enriched diborane.
15. A dopant composition comprising a dopant gas and a supplemental gas, wherein the supplemental gas includes at least one of a diluent gas and a co-species gas, and wherein at least one of the dopant gas and, when present, a co-species gas, is isotopically enriched, with the proviso that when the isotopically enriched dopant gas or co-species gas of the dopant composition consists of germanium tetrafluoride isotopically enriched in mass 72 germanium isotope, said isotopically enriched level is greater than 51.6% for the mass 72 germanium isotope.
16. The composition of claim 15 , comprising one or more germanium compounds isotopically enriched above natural abundance level of at least one germanium isotope of mass 70, 72, 73, 74 or 76.
17. The composition of claim 16 , comprising at least one of isotopically enriched germane and germanium tetrafluoride.
18. The composition of claim 15 , wherein said dopant gas is selected from the group consisting of germanium tetrafluoride, germane, boron trifluoride, diborane, silicon tetrafluoride and silane.
19. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the supplemental gas comprises at least one gas selected from the group of argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, ammonia, fluorine, xenon, germanium tetrafluoride, germane, boron trifluoride, diborane, silicon tetrafluoride, and silane.
20. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the dopant composition comprises a composition selected from the group consisting of:
(i) xenon, hydrogen, and isotopically enriched germanium tetrafluoride;
(ii) germane and isotopically enriched germanium tetrafluoride;
(iii) isotopically enriched germanium tetrafluoride and isotopically enriched germane;
(iv) xenon, hydrogen, and isotopically enriched boron trifluoride;
(v) diborane and isotopically enriched boron trifluoride; and
(vi) isotopically enriched boron trifluoride and isotopically enriched diborane.