Systems and methods for high efficiency regenerative selective catalytic reduction
The invention provides a system for regenerative selective catalytic reduction including a catalyst chamber that contains a catalyst for reducing NO X in a gas stream passing therethrough. The system also includes a reactant injector, first and second heat exchangers, and a valve manifold adapted to direct a substantially continuous gas stream through the heat exchangers and catalyst chamber in such a manner as to flow through the catalyst chamber in the same flow direction during each cycle of the system. The invention also provides a process of regenerative selective catalytic reduction wherein the gas stream through the catalyst chamber flows in the same flow direction during each cycle of the process.
1. A regenerative selective catalytic reduction process, comprising:
a) providing a gas stream to be treated containing NO X ;
b) introducing a reactant into the gas stream;
c) directing the gas stream into contact with a catalyst to cause at least some of the NO X contained in the gas stream to be reduced, wherein the gas stream is adapted to flow past the catalyst along the same flow direction throughout the process in a substantially continuous manner wherein:
i) the gas stream is heated by directing the gas stream through a first heat exchanger, and the gas stream is cooled by directing the gas stream through a second heat exchanger during a first system cycle, and
ii) the gas stream is heated by directing the gas stream through the second heat exchanger, and the gas stream is cooled by directing the gas stream through the first heat exchanger during a second system cycle.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream is heated prior to directing the gas stream into contact with the catalyst during each system cycle.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the reactant is introduced after heating the gas.
4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the reactant is introduced before heating the gas.
5. The process of claim 2 , wherein each heat exchanger includes a thermal mass.
6. The process of claim 2 , wherein the gas stream is further heated by mixing it with combustion products from a burner after it obtains heat energy from a heat exchanger.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream is cooled after the gas stream has been directed into contact with the catalyst.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactant injection is continuous.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactant includes at least one of ammonia and ammonium hydroxide.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream includes reactant in an amount less than about ten parts per million after the gas stream has undergone the first system cycle.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream includes reactant in an amount less than about eight parts per million after the gas stream has undergone the first system cycle.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream includes reactant in an amount less than about six parts per million after the gas stream has undergone the first system cycle.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream includes reactant in an amount less than about four parts per million after the gas stream has undergone the first system cycle.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream includes reactant in an amount of about two parts per million after the gas stream has undergone the first system cycle.
15. A system for regenerative selective catalytic reduction, comprising:
a) a catalyst chamber having an inlet, an outlet and defining a flow path between the inlet and the outlet, the catalyst chamber containing a catalyst for reducing NO in a gas stream passing therethrough;
b) a reactant injector in fluid communication with the system for introducing a reactant into the gas stream upstream from the catalyst chamber as the gas stream passes through the system;
c) a valve manifold in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet of the catalyst chamber, wherein the valve manifold is adapted to direct a substantially continuous gas stream through the catalyst chamber from the inlet to the outlet during each cycle of system operation along the same flow direction;
d) a first heat exchanger in fluid communication with the valve manifold, the first heat exchanger adapted to exchange energy with a gas stream passing therethrough; and
e) a second heat exchanger in fluid communication with the valve manifold, the second heat exchanger adapted to exchange energy with a gas stream passing therethrough;
f) wherein the valve manifold is further adapted to:
i) heat a gas stream passing through the system by directing the gas stream through the first heat exchanger, and cool the gas stream by passing the gas stream through the second heat exchanger, during a first system cycle; and
ii) heat a gas stream passing through the system by directing the gas stream through the second heat exchanger, and cool the gas stream by passing the gas stream through the first heat exchanger, during a second system cycle.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein each system cycle is from about one minute to four minutes in duration.
17. The system of claim 15 , wherein the reactant injector is adapted to inject reactant into a gas stream passing through the system proximate the inlet of the catalyst chamber.
18. The system of claim 15 , wherein each of the first heat exchanger and second heat exchanger comprises a burner and a vessel including a thermal mass adapted to permit a gas stream to pass therethrough.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the heater includes at least one of a gas burner, a liquid fuel burner, and a steam heater.
20. The system of claim 15 , further comprising third and fourth heat exchangers in fluid communication with the valve manifold, the third and fourth heat exchangers adapted to exchange energy with a gas stream passing therethrough.