Method and system for hybrid integration of an opto-electronic integrated circuit
An opto-electronic integrated circuit (OEIC) includes an SOI substrate, a set of composite optical transmitters, a set of composite optical receivers, and control electronics disposed in the substrate and electrically coupled to the set of composite optical transmitters and receivers. Each of the composite optical transmitters includes a gain medium including a compound semiconductor material and an optical modulator. Each of the composite optical receivers includes a waveguide disposed in the SOI substrate, an optical detector bonded to the SOI substrate, and a bonding region disposed between the SOI substrate and the optical detector. The bonding region includes a metal-assisted bond at a first portion of the bonding region and a direct semiconductor-semiconductor bond at a second portion of the bonding region. The OEIC also includes control electronics disposed in the SOI substrate and electrically coupled to the set of composite optical transmitters and the set of composite optical receivers.
1. An opto-electronic integrated circuit comprising:
a substrate comprising a silicon material;
a set of optical transmitters, each comprising:
a gain medium coupled to the substrate, wherein the gain medium includes a compound semiconductor material;
an optical modulator optically coupled to the gain medium;
a waveguide disposed in the substrate and optically coupled to the gain medium;
a first wavelength selective element characterized by a first reflectance spectrum and disposed in the substrate;
a second wavelength selective element characterized by a second reflectance spectrum and disposed in the substrate;
an optical coupler disposed in the substrate and joining the first wavelength selective element, the second wavelength selective element, and the waveguide; and
an output mirror;
a set of optical receivers, each comprising:
a waveguide disposed in the silicon material;
an optical detector bonded to the silicon material; and
a bonding region disposed between the silicon material and the optical detector, wherein the bonding region comprises:
a metal-assisted bond at a first portion of the bonding region, wherein the metal-assisted bond includes an interface layer positioned between the silicon material and the optical detector; and
a direct semiconductor-semiconductor bond at a second portion of the bonding region; and
control electronics disposed in the substrate and electrically coupled to the set of optical transmitters and the set of optical receivers.
2. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising a phase adjustment section optically coupled between the waveguide and the optical coupler.
3. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the optical modulator comprises a Mach Zehnder modulator.
4. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the silicon material comprises a silicon on insulator wafer.
5. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 4 wherein the silicon on insulator wafer comprises a silicon substrate, an oxide layer disposed on the silicon substrate, and a silicon layer disposed on the oxide layer, wherein the first wavelength selective element, the second wavelength selective element, and the waveguide are disposed in the silicon layer.
6. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the first wavelength selective element comprises a first index of refraction adjustment device; and
the second wavelength selective element comprises a second index of refraction adjustment device.
7. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 6 wherein:
the first index of refraction adjustment device comprises a thermal device; and
the second index of refraction adjustment device comprises a thermal device.
8. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the first wavelength selective element comprises a first modulated grating reflector; and
the second wavelength selective element comprises a second modulated grating reflector.
9. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 8 wherein the first modulated grating reflector comprises a superstructure grating characterized by a first wavelength spacing between modes.
10. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 9 wherein the second modulated grating reflector comprises a superstructure grating characterized by a second wavelength spacing between modes different than the first wavelength spacing between modes.
11. An opto-electronic integrated circuit comprising:
an SOI substrate including a silicon substrate, an oxide layer disposed on the silicon substrate, and a silicon layer disposed on the oxide layer;
a set of composite optical transmitters, each of the composite optical transmitters including:
a waveguide disposed in the silicon layer;
a gain medium optically coupled to the silicon layer, wherein the gain medium includes a compound semiconductor material;
an output mirror; and
an optical modulator optically coupled to the output mirror; and
a set of composite optical receivers, each of the composite optical receivers including:
a waveguide disposed in the silicon layer;
an optical detector bonded to the silicon layer, wherein the optical detector includes a compound semiconductor material; and
a bonding region disposed between the silicon layer and the optical detector, wherein the bonding region comprises:
a metal-assisted bond at a first portion of the bonding region, wherein the metal-assisted bond includes an interface layer positioned between the silicon layer and the optical detector; and
a direct semiconductor-semiconductor bond at a second portion of the bonding region; and
control electronics disposed in the substrate and electrically coupled to the set of composite optical transmitters and the set of composite optical receivers.
12. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 11 wherein the optical detector comprises at least one of an APD detector or a PIN detector.
13. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 11 wherein a thickness of the interface layer is less than 100 Å.
14. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 11 further comprising a phase adjustment section optically coupled between the waveguide and the optical coupler.
15. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 11 wherein the optical modulator comprises a Mach Zehnder modulator.
16. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 11 wherein the interface layer comprises In x Pd y .
17. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 16 wherein x=0.7 and y=0.3.
18. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 11 wherein each of the composite optical transmitters include:
a first wavelength selective element optically coupled to the gain medium and including a first modulated grating reflector; and
a second wavelength selective element optically coupled to the gain medium and including a second modulated grating reflector.
19. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 18 wherein the first modulated grating reflector comprises a superstructure grating characterized by a first wavelength spacing between modes.
20. The opto-electronic integrated circuit of claim 19 wherein the second modulated grating reflector comprises a superstructure grating characterized by a second wavelength spacing between modes different than the first wavelength spacing between modes.